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particular key

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1 particular key
1. конкретный ключ
конкретный ключ
—
[[http://www.rfcmd.ru/glossword/1.8/index.php?a=index&d=23]]

Тематики
- защита информации
EN
- particular key
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > particular key
2 key account management

Mktg

the management of the customer relationships that are most important to a company. Key accounts are those held by customers who produce most profit for a company or have the potential to do so, or those who are of strategic importance. Development of these customer relations and customer retention is important to business success. Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing which accounts are key to a company at any one time, determining the needs of these particular customers, and implementing procedures to ensure that they receive premium customer service and to increase customer satisfaction.

The ultimate business dictionary > key account management
3 volume license key

A product key that is provided to Microsoft customers who choose a Microsoft Volume Licensing program for their organizations and that allows multiple installations of a particular product. The key is assigned to a company or institution intended for their sole use and only for distribution to employees or third parties who are authorized to install and distribute licenses pursuant to the terms of their license agreement.

مفتاح المنتج للترخيص المجمع

English-Arabic terms dictionary > volume license key
4 volume license product key

A product key that is provided to Microsoft customers who choose a Microsoft Volume Licensing program for their organizations and that allows multiple installations of a particular product. The key is assigned to a company or institution intended for their sole use and only for distribution to employees or third parties who are authorized to install and distribute licenses pursuant to the terms of their license agreement.

مفتاح ترخيص مجمع

English-Arabic terms dictionary > volume license product key
5 multi-activation key

A product key that is provided to Microsoft customers who choose a Microsoft Volume Licensing program for their organizations and that allows multiple installations of a particular product. The key is assigned to a company or institution intended for their sole use and only for distribution to employees or third parties who are authorized to install and distribute licenses pursuant to the terms of their license agreement.

مفتاح التنشيط المتعدد

English-Arabic terms dictionary > multi-activation key
6 toggle key

"A keyboard key that alternates between turning a particular operation, function, or mode on or off."

مفتاح التشغيل

English-Arabic terms dictionary > toggle key
7 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
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provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
8 fit

I
1. fit adjective
1) (in good health: I am feeling very fit.) sano, en forma

2) (suitable; correct for a particular purpose or person: a dinner fit for a king.) adecuado, conveniente

2. noun
(the right size or shape for a particular person, purpose etc: Your dress is a very good fit.) corte (de un traje)

3. verb
past tense, past participle fitted -)

1) (to be the right size or shape (for someone or something): The coat fits (you) very well.) sentar (bien)

2) (to be suitable for: Her speech fitted the occasion.) ajustar, adaptar, adecuar

3) (to put (something) in position: You must fit a new lock on the door.) instalar, poner, colocar

4) (to supply with; to equip with: She fitted the cupboard with shelves.) equipar

•

- fitness
- fitter
- fitting
4. noun
1) (something, eg a piece of furniture, which is fixed, especially in a house etc: kitchen fittings.) mobiliario

2) (the trying-on of a dress etc and altering to make it fit: I am having a fitting for my wedding-dress tomorrow.) prueba

•

- fit in
- fit out
- see/think fit
II fit noun
1) (a sudden attack of illness, especially epilepsy: She suffers from fits.) ataque

2) (something which happens as suddenly as this: a fit of laughter/coughing.) acceso

•

- by fits and starts

fit¹ adj

1. en forma

he's very fit because he goes running every day está muy en forma porque se va a correr cada día

2. apto / adecuado / en condiciones

this food is not fit to eat esta comida no está en condiciones / esta comida no se puede comer

El comparativo de fit se escribe fitter; el superlativo se escribe fittest

fit² n ataque / acceso

a fit of coughing un acceso de tos

fit³ vb

1. ir bien

these shoes don't fit me, they're too big estos zapatos no me van bien, me van grandes

2. caber

my clothes don't fit in the suitcase mi ropa no cabe en la maleta

3. instalar / colocar

the spy fitted a microphone under the table el espía colocó un micrófono debajo la mesa

El pasado y participio pasado de fit se escribe fitted; el gerundio se escribe fitting

fit

tr[fɪt]

adjective (comp fitter, superl fittest)

1 (suitable, appropriate) adecuado,-a, apto,-a, apropiado,-a; (qualified for) capacitado,-a hábil, capaz; (worthy, deserving) digno,-a

■ it's not fit for human consumption no es apto para el consumo humano

■ a meal fit for a king una comida digna de un rey

2 (in good health) sano,-a, bien de salud, en (plena) forma; (physically) en forma

■ are you sure you're fit enough to go back to work? ¿seguro que estás bien para volver al trabajo?

■ he keeps fit by jogging every day se mantiene en forma haciendo footing cada día

3 familiar (ready) a punto de

■ they looked fit to drop parecían a punto de caerse

transitive verb (pt & pp fitted, ger fitting)

1 (be right size for) sentar bien, quedar bien, ir bien a

■ this dress fits me perfectly este vestido me queda perfectamente

■ he was wearing a coat which didn't fit him llevaba un abrigo que no le sentaba bien

2 (try (clothing) on somebody) probar

■ he's being fitted for a suit le están probando un traje

3 (key) abrir

■ does this key fit the lock? ¿esta llave abre la cerradura?

4 (install) instalar, poner, colocar

■ we're having a carpet fitted nos van a colocar moqueta

■ they had a new lock fitted pusieron una nueva cerradura

5 figurative use (be appropriate) cuadrar con, corresponder a, responder a

■ the facts fit the theory los hechos cuadran con la teoría

■ make the punishment fit the crime hacer que el castigo corresponda al crimen

■ he doesn't fit the description no responde a la descripción

6 (adapt) ajustar, adaptar, adecuar; (make suitable) capacitar

■ you have to fit the ideas to the philosophy hay que adaptar las ideas a la filosofía

■ her experience fits her for the job su experiencia la capacita para el puesto

intransitive verb

1 (be right size/shape) sentar bien, ir bien

■ does this piece fit here? ¿esta pieza va bien aquí?

■ these shoes don't fit estos zapatos no me van bien

2 (be of right size in space) caber, encajar, ajustar

■ do all your clothes fit in that drawer? ¿toda tu ropa cabe en ese cajón?

■ the new sofa wouldn't fit through the door el nuevo sofá no cabía por la puerta

■ if it doesn't fit, don't force it si no cabe, no lo fuerces

■ only four people can fit in sólo caben cuatro personas

3 (be right) cuadrar, corresponder, encajar

■ something doesn't quite fit hay algo que no cuadra

■ his face didn't fit no encajó

noun

1 (of clothes)

■ it's a perfect fit me va perfectamente

2 (in space)

■ it'll be a tight fit vamos a estar muy apretados

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to fit somebody like a glove irle a alguien como un guante

to be as fit as a fiddle estar fuerte como un roble

to be fit to do something estar en condiciones de hacer algo

to see fit / think fit estimar conveniente, parecer conveniente

■ do as you think fit haga lo que mejor le parezca

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fit

tr[fɪt]

noun

1 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL ataque nombre masculino, acceso

2 (of laughter) arrebato, ataque nombre masculino; (of rage, panic) arranque nombre masculino arrebato

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be in fits (of laughter) desternillarse de risa, troncharse de risa

by fits and starts / in fits and starts a trompicones

to give somebody a fit darle un susto a alguien

to have a fit / throw a fit darle un ataque a uno

■ she'd have a fit if she knew si lo supiera le daría un ataque

fit ['fɪt] v, fitted ; fitting vt

1) match: corresponder a, coincidir con

the punishment fits the crime: el castigo corresponde al crimen

2) : quedar

the dress doesn't fit me: el vestido no me queda

3) go: caber, encajar en

her key fits the lock: su llave encaja en la cerradura

4) insert, install: poner, colocar

5) adapt: adecuar, ajustar, adaptar

6) or to fit out equip: equipar

fit vi

1) : quedar, entallar

these pants don't fit: estos pantalones no me quedan

2) conform: encajar, cuadrar

3)

to fit in : encajar, estar integrado

fit adj, fitter ; fittest

1) suitable: adecuado, apropiado, conveniente

2) qualified: calificado, competente

3) healthy: sano, en forma

fit n

1) attack: ataque m, acceso m, arranque m

2)

to be a good fit : quedar bien

3)

to be a tight fit : ser muy entallado (de ropa), estar apretado (de espacios)

fit

adj.

• adecuado, -a adj.

• aparejado, -a adj.

• apto, -a adj.

• ataque adj.

• dispuesto, -a adj.

• hábil adj.

• suficiente adj.

n.

• acceso s.m.

• ajuste s.m.

• arranque s.m.

• convulsión s.f.

• encaje s.m.

v.

• acomodar v.

• adaptar v.

• adecuar v.

• amoldar v.

• caber v.

(§pres: quepo, cabes...) pret: cup-

fut/c: cabr-•)

• compasar v.

• encajar v.

• entallar v.

• juntar v.

• sentar v.

I fɪt
adjective - tt-

1) ( healthy) en forma, sano

to get/keep fit — ponerse*/mantenerse* en forma

to be fit FOR something: the soldiers were passed fit for duty los soldados fueron declarados aptos (para el servicio); I feel fit for anything today hoy me siento capaz de cualquier cosa; to be fit to + INF — \<\<to playavel\>\> estar* en condiciones de + inf

2)

a) ( suitable) <person/conduct> adecuado, apropiado

to be fit FOR something/somebody: this book is not fit for children este libro no es apto or apropriado para niños; this car is only fit for the scrapheap este coche es pura chatarra; a feast fit for a king un banquete digno de reyes; to be fit to + INF: this isn't fit to eat ( harmful) esto no está en buenas condiciones; ( unappetizing) esto está incomible; he's not fit to be a father no es digno de ser padre; you're not fit to be seen — estás impresentable

b) ( right) (pred)

to see fit to + INF: he did not see fit to reply to our letter ni se dignó contestar a nuestra carta; to think fit TO + INF — estimar conveniente + inf, creer* apropiado + inf

3) ( ready)

to be fit to + INF: I felt fit to drop me sentía a punto de caer* agotada; to laugh fit to burst — desternillarse de risa; tie II 1) b)

II
1.

- tt- transitive verb

1)

a) ( Clothing)

the dress fits you perfectly — el vestido te queda perfecto

the jacket doesn't fit me — la chaqueta no me queda bien

b) (be right size, shape for) \<\<socket\>\> encajar en

c) ( correspond to) \<\<theory\>\> concordar* con, corresponderse con

we have nobody fitting that description — no tenemos a nadie que responda a esa descripción

the punishment must fit the crime — el castigo debe ser acorde con el delito

2) ( install) (esp BrE) \<\<carpet/lock\>\> poner*, colocar*; \<\<double glazing\>\> instalar

he fitted the two halves together — unió or encajó las dos mitades

to fit something WITH something — equipar algo con algo

a kitchen fitted with the latest appliances — una cocina equipada con los últimos electrodomésticos

the car is fitted with leather upholstery — el coche está tapizado en cuero

he's been fitted with a pacemaker — le han colocado or puesto un marcapasos

3)

a) ( accommodate)

to fit something INTO something — meter algo en algo

they managed to fit everybody into one small room — lograron meter a todo el mundo en una habitación pequeña

b) ( adjust)

to fit something TO something — adecuar* algo a algo

c) ( make suitable)

to fit somebody FOR something/-ING — capacitar a alguien para algo/inf

4) ( Clothing) \<\<dress/suit\>\>

to fit somebody FOR something — tomarle medidas a alguien para algo

2.

vi

a) ( Clothing)

these shoes don't fit — estos zapatos no me quedan bien

to make something fit — ajustar algo

if the shoe o (BrE) cap fits wear it — al que le caiga or venga el sayo que se lo ponga (AmL), quien se pica ajos come (Esp)

b) (be right size, shape) \<\<lid\>\> ajustar; \<\<key/peg\>\> encajar

to make something fit — hacer* ajustar/encajar algo

c) ( correspond) \<\<facts/description\>\> encajar, cuadrar

those jeans don't fit with your smart image — esos vaqueros no van con tu imagen de hombre elegante

Phrasal Verbs:

- fit in

- fit out

- fit up

III

noun

1)

a) ( attack) ataque m

epileptic fit — ataque epiléptico

fainting fit — síncope m

to give somebody a fit — (colloq) darle* a alguien un soponcio (fam)

to have o throw a fit — (colloq)

I nearly had a fit — casi me da un ataque or un síncope (fam)

b) ( short burst)

a fit of coughing — un acceso de tos

a fit of laughter — un ataque de risa

a fit of jealousy — un arrebato or arranque de celos

to have somebody in fits — (colloq) hacer* partirse de risa a alguien (fam)

we were in fits — nos estábamos muriendo de risa

by o in fits and starts — a los tropezones, a trancas y barrancas

2) (of size, shape) (no pl)

my new jacket is a good/bad fit — la chaqueta nueva me queda bien/mal

I prefer a looser fit — prefiero la ropa más holgada

it's a tight fit — ( clothes) es muy entallado; ( in confined space)

can we all get in? - it'll be a tight fit — ¿cabemos todos? - vamos a estar muy apretados

I

[fɪt]
ADJ (compar fitter) (superl fittest)
1) (=suitable) adecuado

he is not fit company for my daughter — no es compañía adecuada para mi hija

• fit for sth, fit for human consumption/habitation — comestible/habitable

he's not fit for the job — no sirve para el puesto, no es apto para el puesto

a meal fit for a king — una comida digna de reyes

fit for nothing — inútil

• to be fit to do sth, he's not fit to teach — no sirve para profesor

you're not fit to be seen — no estás presentable, no estás para que te vea la gente

the meat was not fit to eat or to be eaten — (=unhealthy) la carne no estaba en buenas condiciones; (=bad-tasting) la carne era incomible, la carne no se podía comer

you're not fit to drive — no estás en condiciones de conducir

2) (=healthy) (Med) sano; (Sport) en forma

• to be fit for duty — (Mil) ser apto para el servicio

to be fit for work — (after illness) estar en condiciones de trabajar

• to get fit — (Med) reponerse; (Sport) ponerse en forma

• to keep fit — mantenerse en forma

• to pass sb fit — (after illness, injury) dar a algn el alta

• she's not yet fit to travel — todavía no está en condiciones de viajar

- be as fit as a fiddle

3) * (=ready)

I'm fit to drop — estoy que me caigo *

he was laughing fit to bust or burst — se tronchaba or desternillaba de risa

4) (=right)

• to see/ think fit to do sth, you must do as you think fit — debes hacer lo que estimes conveniente or lo que creas apropiado

she didn't see fit to mention it — no creyó apropiado mencionarlo

II [fɪt]
1. VT

1) (=be right size) [clothes] quedar bien a; [key] entrar en, encajar en

it fits me like a glove — me queda como un guante

he can't find shirts to fit him — no encuentra camisas que le queden or vengan bien

the key doesn't fit the lock — la llave no entra or encaja en la cerradura

2) (=measure) tomar las medidas a

I went to get fitted for a suit — fui a que me tomaran las medidas para un traje

to fit a dress (on sb) — probar un vestido (a algn)

3) (=match) [+ facts] corresponderse con; [+ description] encajar con; [+ need] adecuarse a

your story doesn't fit the facts — tu historia no se corresponde con los hechos

she doesn't fit the feminine stereotype — no encaja con el estereotipo femenino

the punishment should fit the crime — el castigo debe adecuarse al delito
bill I, 1., 6)
4) (=put)

he fitted the shelf to the wall — fijó el estante a la pared

to fit sth into place — hacer encajar algo

I finally began to fit the pieces together — (fig) finalmente empecé a encajar todas las piezas

5) (=install) [+ windows] instalar, poner; [+ carpet] poner; [+ kitchen, bathroom, domestic appliance] instalar

they're having a new kitchen fitted — les van a instalar una cocina nueva

6) (=supply) equipar de

to be fitted with sth — estar equipado con algo

a car fitted with a catalytic converter — un coche equipado con un conversor catalítico

all our coaches are fitted with seat belts — todos nuestros autobuses están equipados con cinturones de seguridad

he has been fitted with a new hearing aid — le han puesto un audífono nuevo

7) frm (=make suitable)

to fit sb for sth/to do sth — capacitar a algn para algo/para hacer algo

her experience fits her for the job — su experiencia la capacita para el trabajo

2. VI

1) [clothes, shoes]

the dress doesn't fit very well — el vestido no le queda muy bien
cap
2) (=go in/on)

this key doesn't fit — esta llave no encaja or entra

will the cupboard fit into the corner? — ¿cabrá el armario en el rincón?

it fits in/on here — se encaja aquí

the lid won't fit on this saucepan — la tapa no encaja en esta cazuela

3) (=match) [facts, description] concordar, corresponderse

it doesn't fit with what he said to me — no concuerda or no se corresponde con lo que me dijo a mí

it all fits now! — ¡todo encaja ahora!
fit in 1., 1)
4) * (=belong) encajar

his face doesn't fit — él no encaja aquí

3.

N

the lycra in the fabric ensures a good fit — la licra de la tela hace que se ajuste perfectamente

that suit is not a very good fit — ese traje no te queda bien

when it comes to shoes, a good fit is essential — en lo que se refiere a los zapatos, es esencial que se ajusten bien or que sean el número correcto

it was a perfect fit — le quedaba perfectamente

it's rather a tight fit — me está un poco justo or apretado

she put the key into the lock - it was a tight fit — metió la llave en la cerradura - entraba muy justo

- fit in

- fit out

- fit up

III

[fɪt]
N
1) (Med) ataque m

• epileptic fit — ataque m epiléptico

• fainting fit — desmayo m

• she had a fit last night — anoche tuvo un ataque

2) (=outburst)

• a fit of anger — un arranque or un arrebato or frm un acceso de cólera

• a fit of coughing — un ataque or frm un acceso de tos

• a fit of enthusiasm — un arranque de entusiasmo

• I had a fit of (the) giggles — me dio un ataque de risa

• to have a fit * — ponerse histérico *

he'd have a fit if he knew — le daría un síncope si se enterara *, se pondría histérico si se enterara *

• to be in fits * — partirse de risa *

she was so funny, she used to have us all in fits — era tan graciosa, que nos tenía a todos muertos de risa *

• she had a laughing fit — le dio un ataque de risa

• she was in fits of laughter — se partía de risa *

• he shot her in a fit of jealous rage — disparó sobre ella en un arranque or arrebato de celos y furia

• by or in fits and starts — a tropezones, a trompicones *

• to throw a fit * — ponerse histérico *

she'll throw a fit if she finds out — le dará un síncope si se entera *, se pondrá histérica si se entera *

• a fit of weeping — una llorera
pique
* * *

I [fɪt]
adjective - tt-

1) ( healthy) en forma, sano

to get/keep fit — ponerse*/mantenerse* en forma

to be fit FOR something: the soldiers were passed fit for duty los soldados fueron declarados aptos (para el servicio); I feel fit for anything today hoy me siento capaz de cualquier cosa; to be fit to + INF — \<\<to play/travel\>\> estar* en condiciones de + inf

2)

a) ( suitable) <person/conduct> adecuado, apropiado

to be fit FOR something/somebody: this book is not fit for children este libro no es apto or apropriado para niños; this car is only fit for the scrapheap este coche es pura chatarra; a feast fit for a king un banquete digno de reyes; to be fit to + INF: this isn't fit to eat ( harmful) esto no está en buenas condiciones; ( unappetizing) esto está incomible; he's not fit to be a father no es digno de ser padre; you're not fit to be seen — estás impresentable

b) ( right) (pred)

to see fit to + INF: he did not see fit to reply to our letter ni se dignó contestar a nuestra carta; to think fit TO + INF — estimar conveniente + inf, creer* apropiado + inf

3) ( ready)

to be fit to + INF: I felt fit to drop me sentía a punto de caer* agotada; to laugh fit to burst — desternillarse de risa; tie II 1) b)

II
1.

- tt- transitive verb

1)

a) ( Clothing)

the dress fits you perfectly — el vestido te queda perfecto

the jacket doesn't fit me — la chaqueta no me queda bien

b) (be right size, shape for) \<\<socket\>\> encajar en

c) ( correspond to) \<\<theory\>\> concordar* con, corresponderse con

we have nobody fitting that description — no tenemos a nadie que responda a esa descripción

the punishment must fit the crime — el castigo debe ser acorde con el delito

2) ( install) (esp BrE) \<\<carpet/lock\>\> poner*, colocar*; \<\<double glazing\>\> instalar

he fitted the two halves together — unió or encajó las dos mitades

to fit something WITH something — equipar algo con algo

a kitchen fitted with the latest appliances — una cocina equipada con los últimos electrodomésticos

the car is fitted with leather upholstery — el coche está tapizado en cuero

he's been fitted with a pacemaker — le han colocado or puesto un marcapasos

3)

a) ( accommodate)

to fit something INTO something — meter algo en algo

they managed to fit everybody into one small room — lograron meter a todo el mundo en una habitación pequeña

b) ( adjust)

to fit something TO something — adecuar* algo a algo

c) ( make suitable)

to fit somebody FOR something/-ING — capacitar a alguien para algo/inf

4) ( Clothing) \<\<dress/suit\>\>

to fit somebody FOR something — tomarle medidas a alguien para algo

2.

vi

a) ( Clothing)

these shoes don't fit — estos zapatos no me quedan bien

to make something fit — ajustar algo

if the shoe o (BrE) cap fits wear it — al que le caiga or venga el sayo que se lo ponga (AmL), quien se pica ajos come (Esp)

b) (be right size, shape) \<\<lid\>\> ajustar; \<\<key/peg\>\> encajar

to make something fit — hacer* ajustar/encajar algo

c) ( correspond) \<\<facts/description\>\> encajar, cuadrar

those jeans don't fit with your smart image — esos vaqueros no van con tu imagen de hombre elegante

Phrasal Verbs:

- fit in

- fit out

- fit up

III

noun

1)

a) ( attack) ataque m

epileptic fit — ataque epiléptico

fainting fit — síncope m

to give somebody a fit — (colloq) darle* a alguien un soponcio (fam)

to have o throw a fit — (colloq)

I nearly had a fit — casi me da un ataque or un síncope (fam)

b) ( short burst)

a fit of coughing — un acceso de tos

a fit of laughter — un ataque de risa

a fit of jealousy — un arrebato or arranque de celos

to have somebody in fits — (colloq) hacer* partirse de risa a alguien (fam)

we were in fits — nos estábamos muriendo de risa

by o in fits and starts — a los tropezones, a trancas y barrancas

2) (of size, shape) (no pl)

my new jacket is a good/bad fit — la chaqueta nueva me queda bien/mal

I prefer a looser fit — prefiero la ropa más holgada

it's a tight fit — ( clothes) es muy entallado; ( in confined space)

can we all get in? - it'll be a tight fit — ¿cabemos todos? - vamos a estar muy apretados

English-spanish dictionary > fit
9 fit

I noun
1) Anfall, der

fit of coughing — Hustenanfall, der

epileptic fit — epileptischer Anfall

2) (fig.) [plötzliche] Anwandlung

have or throw a fit — einen Anfall bekommen

[almost] have or throw a fit — (fig.) [fast] Zustände kriegen (ugs.)

be in fits of laughter — sich vor Lachen biegen

somebody/something has somebody in fits [of laughter] — jemand ruft dröhnendes Gelächter bei jemandem hervor
II 1. adjective
1) (suitable) geeignet

fit to eat or to be eaten/for human consumption — essbar/zum Verzehr geeignet

2) (worthy) würdig; wert

3) (right and proper) richtig

see or think fit [to do something] — es für richtig od. angebracht halten[, etwas zu tun]

4) (ready)

be fit to drop — zum Umfallen müde sein

5) (healthy) gesund; fit (ugs.); in Form (ugs.)

fit for duty or service — dienstfähig od. -tauglich; see also academic.ru/27073/fiddle">fiddle 1. 1)
2. noun
Passform, die

it is a good/bad fit — es sitzt od. passt gut/nicht gut

I can just get it in the suitcase, but it's a tight fit — (fig.) ich kriege es noch in den Koffer, aber nur gerade so (ugs.)
3. transitive verb,
- tt-

1) [Kleider:] passen (+ Dat.); [Schlüssel:] passen in (+ Akk.); [Deckel, Bezug:] passen auf (+ Akk.)

2) anpassen [Kleidungsstück, Brille]

3) (correspond to, suit) entsprechen (+ Dat.); (make correspond) abstimmen (to auf + Akk.); anpassen (to an + Akk.)

4) (put into place) anbringen (to an + Dat. od. Akk.); einbauen [Motor, Ersatzteil]; einsetzen [Scheibe, Tür, Schloss]; (equip) ausstatten
4. intransitive verb,
- tt- passen; (agree) zusammenpassen; übereinstimmen

fit well — [Kleidungsstück:] gut sitzen

Phrasal Verbs:

- fit in

- fit out

* * *
I 1. [fit] adjective
1) (in good health: I am feeling very fit.) in Form

2) (suitable; correct for a particular purpose or person: a dinner fit for a king.) passend
2. noun
(the right size or shape for a particular person, purpose etc: Your dress is a very good fit.) der Sitz
3. verb
past tense, past participle fitted -)

1) (to be the right size or shape (for someone or something): The coat fits (you) very well.) passen

2) (to be suitable for: Her speech fitted the occasion.) passen für

3) (to put (something) in position: You must fit a new lock on the door.) anbringen

4) (to supply with; to equip with: She fitted the cupboard with shelves.) ausrüsten

•

- fitness
- fitter
- fitting 4. noun
1) (something, eg a piece of furniture, which is fixed, especially in a house etc: kitchen fittings.) die Einrichtung

2) (the trying-on of a dress etc and altering to make it fit: I am having a fitting for my wedding-dress tomorrow.) die Anprobe

•

- fit in
- fit out
- see/think fit II [fit] noun
1) (a sudden attack of illness, especially epilepsy: She suffers from fits.) der Anfall

2) (something which happens as suddenly as this: a fit of laughter/coughing.) der Ausbruch

•

- by fits and starts

* * *

fit¹

[fɪt]

n

1. (attack) Anfall m

epileptic \fit epileptischer Anfall

2. (brief spell of sickness) Anfall m

coughing \fit Hustenanfall m

3. ( fig fam: outburst of rage) [Wut]anfall m

to have [or throw] a \fit einen Anfall bekommen fam, Zustände kriegen fam

4. (burst)

\fit of laughter Lachkrampf m

to be in \fits of laughter sich akk kaputtlachen fam

to get the audience in \fits das Publikum zum Lachen bringen

5. (caprice, mood) Anwandlung f

in a \fit of generosity in einer Anwandlung von Großzügigkeit

6.

▶ by [or in] \fits and starts (erratically) sporadisch; (in little groups) stoßweise

fit²

[fɪt]

I. adj

<- tt->

1. (suitable) geeignet

they served a meal \fit for a king sie trugen ein königliches Mahl auf

to be \fit for human consumption zum Verzehr geeignet sein

to be \fit for human habitation bewohnbar sein

to be no \fit way to do sth kein geeigneter [o tauglicher] Weg sein, etw zu tun

to be \fit to eat essbar [o genießbar] sein

2. (qualified) geeignet

that's all sb's \fit for ( fam) das ist alles, wozu jd taugt

3. (up to) fähig

she's not \fit for this responsibility sie ist dieser Verantwortung nicht gewachsen

to be \fit for military service/the tropics wehrdienst-/tropentauglich sein

▪ to be [not] \fit to do sth nicht fähig [o in der Lage] sein, etw zu tun

to be \fit to travel reisetauglich sein

to be \fit to work arbeitsfähig sein

4. (appropriate) angebracht

to do what one sees [or thinks] \fit tun, was man für richtig hält

5. (worthy) würdig

to be not \fit to be seen sich akk nicht sehen lassen können

6. (ready, prepared) bereit

▪ to be \fit to do sth nahe daran sein, etw zu tun

to be \fit to drop zum Umfallen müde sein

7. (healthy) fit

to keep \fit sich akk fit halten

8. BRIT (sl: physically alluring) geil sl

9.

▶ to be [as] \fit as a fiddle [or BRIT also flea] ( fam: merry) quietschvergnügt sein fam; (healthy) fit wie ein Turnschuh sein fam

▶ to laugh \fit to burst ( fam) vor Lachen beinahe platzen fam

▶ to be \fit to be tied AM [vor Wut] kochen fam

II. n no pl

1. FASHION Sitz m, Passform f

bad/good/perfect \fit schlechter/guter/tadelloser Sitz

these shoes are a good \fit diese Schuhe passen gut

2. TECH Passung f

III. vt

< BRIT - tt- or AM usu -t->

1. (be appropriate)

▪ to \fit sb/sth sich akk für jdn/etw eignen

he should \fit the sales job perfectly er müsste die Verkäuferstelle perfekt ausfüllen

2. (correspond with)

▪ to \fit sth etw dat entsprechen

the punishment should always \fit the crime die Strafe sollte immer dem Vergehen angemessen sein

the key \fits the lock der Schlüssel passt ins Schloss

the description \fitted the criminal die Beschreibung passte auf den Täter

to \fit sb's plans in jds Pläne passen

3. (make correspond)

▪ to \fit sth to sth etw etw dat anpassen

he had to \fit his plans to the circumstances er musste sich mit seinen Plänen nach den Gegebenheiten richten

4. FASHION

▪ to \fit sb jdm passen

to \fit a dress/a suit on sb jdm ein Kleid/ein Kostüm anprobieren [o ÖSTERR anpassen

5. (mount)

▪ to \fit sth etw montieren

to \fit a bulb eine Glühbirne einschrauben

6. (shape as required)

▪ to \fit sth etw anpassen

7. (position as required)

▪ to \fit sth etw einpassen

8. (supply)

▪ to \fit sth with sth etw mit etw dat versehen [o ausstatten

9.

▶ to \fit the bill seinen Zweck erfüllen

IV. vi

< BRIT - tt- or AM usu -t->

1. (be correct size) passen; FASHION also sitzen

to \fit like a glove wie angegossen passen [o sitzen]

▪ to \fit into sth in etw akk hineinpassen

2. (accord) facts übereinstimmen, zusammenpassen

3. (have required characteristics)

▪ to \fit into sth zu etw dat passen; (adapt) sich akk in etw akk einfügen

how do you \fit into all this? was für eine Rolle spielen Sie in dem Ganzen?

4.

▶ if the shoe [or BRIT also cap] \fits, wear it wem der Schuh passt, der soll ihn sich anziehen fig

* * *
I [fɪt]
1. adj (+er)

1) (= suitable, suited for sth) geeignet; time, occasion günstig

fit to eat — essbar

fit to drink — trinkbar

is this meat still fit to eat? — kann man dieses Fleisch noch essen?

fit for (human) consumption — zum Verzehr (durch Menschen) geeignet

fit for habitation or to live in — bewohnbar

to be fit to be seen — sich sehen lassen können

she's not fit to be a mother — sie ist als Mutter völlig ungeeignet

or trash can (US) — dieser Mantel gehört in den Mülleimer

2)

(= deserving) a man like that is not fit to have such a good wife — ein Mann wie er verdient so eine gute Frau nicht or ist eine so gute Frau nicht wert

you're not fit to be spoken to — du bist es nicht wert or verdienst es nicht, dass man sich mit dir unterhält

3) (= right and proper) richtig, angebracht

I'll do as I think or see fit — ich handle, wie ich es für richtig halte

to see fit to do sth — es für richtig or angebracht halten, etw zu tun

he did not see fit to cooperate — er hat es nicht für nötig gehalten zu kooperieren

as is only fit — wie es sich gebührt

it is only fit — es ist nur recht und billig

4) (in health) gesund; sportsman etc fit, in Form

she is not yet fit to travel — sie ist noch nicht reisefähig

only the fittest survive — nur die Geeignetsten überleben; (people) nur die Gesunden überleben; (in business etc) nur die Starken können sich halten

5)

to laugh fit to burst — vor Lachen beinahe platzen

to be fit to drop (Brit) — zum Umfallen müde sein

6) (Brit sl = sexy) girl, boy scharf (inf)

2. n
(of clothes) Passform f
it is a very good/bad fit — es sitzt or passt wie angegossen/nicht gut

it's a bit of a tight fit (clothes) — es ist etwas eng; (timing, parking) es geht gerade (noch)

3. vt

1) (cover, sheet, nut etc) passen auf (+acc); (key etc) passen in (+acc); (clothes etc) passen (+dat)

this coat fits you better — dieser Mantel passt Ihnen besser or sitzt bei Ihnen besser

"one size fits all" — "Einheitsgröße"

that part won't fit this machine — das Teil passt nicht für diese Maschine

the washing machine won't fit this space — die Waschmaschine passt nicht in diese Lücke

to make a ring fit sb — jdm einen Ring anpassen

2) (= be suitable for) sb's plans, a theory etc passen in (+acc); needs erfüllen; mood passen zu

3)

she was fitted for her wedding dress — ihr Hochzeitskleid wurde ihr angepasst

4) (= put on, attach) anbringen (to an +dat); tyre, lock montieren, anbringen; double glazing einsetzen, anbringen; (= put in) einbauen (in in +acc); (= furnish, provide with) ausstatten

to fit a key in the lock — einen Schlüssel ins Schloss stecken

to fit a bulb in its socket — eine Glühbirne in die Fassung drehen or schrauben

to fit a bolt to a door — eine Tür mit einem Riegel versehen

to fit a car with an alarm — eine Alarmanlage in ein Auto einbauen, ein Auto mit einer Alarmanlage ausstatten

to have a new kitchen fitted — eine neue Küche einbauen lassen

5) (= match) description, facts, circumstances entsprechen (+dat)

to make the punishment fit the crime — eine dem Vergehen angemessene Strafe verhängen

4. vi

1) (= be right size, shape dress etc, key) passen

my CV fits on one page — mein Lebenslauf passt auf eine Seite or hat auf einer Seite Platz

2) (= correspond) zusammenstimmen or -passen

the facts don't fit — die Fakten sind widersprüchlich

it all fits — es passt alles zusammen

there's still one piece of evidence that doesn't fit — da ist immer noch ein Indiz, das nicht dazupasst
II
n (MED fig)
Anfall m
fit of coughing/anger — Husten-/Wutanfall m

in a fit of anger — in einem Anfall von Wut

fit of remorse — Anwandlung f or Anfall m von Reue

in or by fits and starts — stoßweise

he wrote this novel in fits and starts — er hat diesen Roman in mehreren Anläufen geschrieben

to be in fits (of laughter) — sich vor Lachen biegen or kugeln (inf)

he'd have a fit (fig inf) — er würde (ja) einen Anfall kriegen (inf)

* * *

fit¹ [fıt]

A adj (adv fitly)

1. passend, geeignet

2. geeignet, fähig, tauglich:

fit for service besonders MIL dienstfähig, (-)tauglich;

fit for transport transportfähig;

fit for work arbeits-, erwerbsfähig;

fit to drink trinkbar;

fit to eat ess-, genießbar;

fit to drive fahrtüchtig;

fit to fight (Boxen) kampffähig;

laugh (yell) fit to burst vor Lachen beinahe platzen (schreien wie am Spieß);

I was fit to scream ich hätte schreien können;

fit to kill umg wie verrückt;

dressed fit to kill umg mächtig aufgedonnert;

he was fit to be tied US umg er hatte eine Stinkwut (im Bauch); → consumption 5, drop B 5 a

3. angemessen, angebracht:

see ( oder think) fit es für richtig oder angebracht halten ( to do zu tun);

more than (is) fit über Gebühr

4. schicklich, geziemend:

it is not fit for us to do so es gehört sich oder ziemt sich nicht, dass wir dies tun

5. würdig, wert:

a dinner fit for a king ein königliches Mahl;

not fit to be seen nicht vorzeigbar oder präsentabel

6. a) gesund

b) SPORT etc fit, (gut) in Form:

keep fit sich fit halten; → fiddle A 1, flea A

B s

1. a) Passform f, Sitz m

b) passendes Kleidungsstück:

it is a perfect fit es passt genau, es sitzt tadellos;

it is a tight fit es sitzt stramm, fig es ist sehr knapp bemessen

2. TECH Passung f, Sitz m:

fine (coarse) fit Fein-(Grob)passung;

sliding fit Gleitsitz

3. Zusammenpassen n, Übereinstimmung f

C v/t

1. passend oder geeignet machen ( for für), anpassen (to an akk)

2. auch TECH ausrüsten, -statten, einrichten, versehen ( alle:

with mit)

3. jemandem passen, sitzen (Kleid, etc)

4. passen für oder auf jemanden, einer Sache angemessen oder angepasst sein:

the key fits the lock der Schlüssel passt (ins Schloss);

the description fits him, he fits the description die Beschreibung trifft auf ihn zu;

the name fits him der Name passt zu ihm;

fit the bill umg allen Ansprüchen genügen (auch Person), genau das Richtige sein;

fit the facts (mit den Tatsachen überein)stimmen;

fit the occasion (Redew) dem Anlass entsprechend

5. sich eignen für

6. jemanden befähigen ( for für; to do zu tun)

7. jemanden vorbereiten, ausbilden ( for für)

8. TECH

a) einpassen, -bauen ( beide:

into in akk)

b) anbringen (to an dat)

c) → fit up 2

9. a) an jemandem Maß nehmen

b) ein Kleid etc anprobieren ( on sb jemandem):

fit a coat on sb jemandem einen Mantel anpassen

D v/i

1. passen:

a) die richtige Größe haben, sitzen (Kleidungsstück)

b) angemessen sein

c) sich eignen: I didn’t say you were a fool, but if the cap (bes US shoe) fits (wear it) aber wenn du meinst oder dich angesprochen fühlst(, bitte)

2. fit into passen in (akk), sich anpassen (dat), sich einfügen in (akk)

fit² [fıt] s

1. MED Anfall m, Ausbruch m:

fit of coughing Hustenanfall;

fit of anger ( oder temper) Wutanfall, Zornausbruch;

fit of laughter Lachkrampf m;

fit of perspiration Schweißausbruch;

give sb a fit umg

a) jemandem einen Schock verpassen,

b) jemanden auf die Palme bringen;

my aunt had ( oder threw) a fit umg meine Tante bekam Zustände

2. fig (plötzliche) Anwandlung oder Laune:

fit of generosity Anwandlung von Großzügigkeit, Spendierlaune umg;

by ( oder in) fits (and starts)

a) stoß-, ruckweise,

b) dann und wann, sporadisch;

when the fit was on him wenn es ihn gepackt hatte

fit³ [fıt] s obs Fitte f, Liedabschnitt m

* * *
I noun
1) Anfall, der

fit of coughing — Hustenanfall, der

epileptic fit — epileptischer Anfall

2) (fig.) [plötzliche] Anwandlung

have or throw a fit — einen Anfall bekommen

[almost] have or throw a fit — (fig.) [fast] Zustände kriegen (ugs.)

be in fits of laughter — sich vor Lachen biegen

somebody/something has somebody in fits [of laughter] — jemand ruft dröhnendes Gelächter bei jemandem hervor
II 1. adjective
1) (suitable) geeignet

fit to eat or to be eaten/for human consumption — essbar/zum Verzehr geeignet

2) (worthy) würdig; wert

3) (right and proper) richtig

see or think fit [to do something] — es für richtig od. angebracht halten[, etwas zu tun]

4) (ready)

be fit to drop — zum Umfallen müde sein

5) (healthy) gesund; fit (ugs.); in Form (ugs.)

fit for duty or service — dienstfähig od. -tauglich; see also fiddle 1. 1)
2. noun
Passform, die

it is a good/bad fit — es sitzt od. passt gut/nicht gut

I can just get it in the suitcase, but it's a tight fit — (fig.) ich kriege es noch in den Koffer, aber nur gerade so (ugs.)
3. transitive verb,
- tt-

1) [Kleider:] passen (+ Dat.); [Schlüssel:] passen in (+ Akk.); [Deckel, Bezug:] passen auf (+ Akk.)

2) anpassen [Kleidungsstück, Brille]

3) (correspond to, suit) entsprechen (+ Dat.); (make correspond) abstimmen (to auf + Akk.); anpassen (to an + Akk.)

4) (put into place) anbringen (to an + Dat. od. Akk.); einbauen [Motor, Ersatzteil]; einsetzen [Scheibe, Tür, Schloss]; (equip) ausstatten
4. intransitive verb,
- tt- passen; (agree) zusammenpassen; übereinstimmen

fit well — [Kleidungsstück:] gut sitzen

Phrasal Verbs:

- fit in

- fit out

* * *

adj.

erledigt adj.

geeignet adj.

tauglich adj. n.

Anfall -¨e m.

Passung -en f.

Sitz -e m. v.

anprobieren v.

montieren v.

passen v.

English-german dictionary > fit
10 fit

I 1. [fɪt]
aggettivo

1) [ person] (in trim) in forma; (not ill) in buona salute

you're looking fit and well! — ti trovo bene!

to keep fit — tenersi in forma

2) (suitable)

to be fit company for — essere una buona o la giusta compagnia per

to be fit for — (worthy of) essere degno di [person, king]; (capable of) essere idoneo o adatto a [ job]

to be fit for nothing — non servire a niente

to be fit to drive — essere in condizione di guidare

fit to drink — potabile

fit to live in — abitabile

I'm not fit to be seen! — non sono presentabile!

to see o think fit to do ritenere giusto o opportuno fare; do as you see o think fit faccia come crede; to be in no fit state to do — non essere in condizione o in grado di fare
2.
avverbio colloq. (in emphatic phrases)

to laugh fit to burst — ridere a crepapelle

to cry fit to burst o to break your heart piangere come una vite tagliata o da spezzare il cuore; to be fit to drop — cascare dalla fatica
II [fɪt]
nome (of garment)

to be a good fit — stare a pennello

to be a poor fit — non essere della misura giusta

to be a tight fit — essere stretto
III 1. [fɪt]
verbo transitivo (pass. fitted, fit AE; p.pass. fitted)

1) (be the right size) [garment, shoe] andare bene a [ person]; [ object] andare bene con, su [ surface]; andare (bene) in [envelope, space]

the key fits this lock, this box — la chiave entra nella serratura, apre questa scatola

to fit ages 3 to 5 — andare bene ai bambini dai 3 ai 5 anni

"one size fits all" — "taglia unica"

2) (make or find room for)

to fit sth. in o into — trovare il posto per qcs. in [room, car]

3) (install) montare, installare [door, kitchen]

to fit A to B to fit A and B together incastrare, fare combaciare A con B; to fit sth. with — fornire qcs. di [attachment, lock]

4)

to fit sb. for — prendere le misure a qcn. per, provare a qcn. [ garment]

to fit sb. with — dotare qcn. di [hearing aid, prosthesis]

5) (be compatible with) corrispondere a [description, requirements]; adattarsi a [ decor]

the punishment should fit the crime — la pena dovrebbe essere commisurata al reato

6) (make suitable)

to fit sb. for, to do — [experience, qualifications] rendere qcn. idoneo o adatto per, a fare
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass. fitted, fit AE; p.pass. fitted)

1) (be the right size) [garment, shoes] andare bene; [lid, sheet] andare bene, essere adatto

this key doesn't fit — questa chiave non va (bene) o non entra

2) (have enough room)

will the table fit in that corner? — ci starà il tavolo in quell'angolo?

3) (go into place)

to fit inside one another — andare uno nell'altro

to fit into place — [part, handle] andare a posto; [cupboard, brick] entrare o stare perfettamente

4) fig. (correspond)

something doesn't quite fit here — qualcosa non quadra qui

to fit with — corrispondere a, combaciare con [statement, story, facts]

to fit into — adattarsi a, accordarsi con [ideology, colour scheme]

•

- fit in

- fit out
IV [fɪt]
nome

1) med. attacco m., accesso m., crisi f.

to have a fit — (unspecified) avere un attacco o una crisi; (epileptic) avere una crisi epilettica

fit of coughing — attacco di tosse

2) (of rage) scatto m.; (of jealousy, panic) crisi f.; (of passion) impeto m.

••

to have sb. in fits — colloq. fare ridere qcn. a crepapelle

to have o throw a fit colloq. uscire dai gangheri; by o in fits and starts — a sbalzi, a scatti

* * *
I 1. [fit] adjective
1) (in good health: I am feeling very fit.)

2) (suitable; correct for a particular purpose or person: a dinner fit for a king.)
2. noun
(the right size or shape for a particular person, purpose etc: Your dress is a very good fit.)
3. verb
past tense, past participle fitted -)

1) (to be the right size or shape (for someone or something): The coat fits (you) very well.)

2) (to be suitable for: Her speech fitted the occasion.)

3) (to put (something) in position: You must fit a new lock on the door.)

4) (to supply with; to equip with: She fitted the cupboard with shelves.)

•

- fitness
- fitter
- fitting 4. noun
1) (something, eg a piece of furniture, which is fixed, especially in a house etc: kitchen fittings.) montaggio

2) (the trying-on of a dress etc and altering to make it fit: I am having a fitting for my wedding-dress tomorrow.) prova

•

- fit in
- fit out
- see/think fit II [fit] noun
1) (a sudden attack of illness, especially epilepsy: She suffers from fits.)

2) (something which happens as suddenly as this: a fit of laughter/coughing.)

•

- by fits and starts

* * *
fit (1) /fɪt/
a.

1 adatto; atto; appropriato; idoneo; conveniente; opportuno; giusto; degno: He is not fit for that job, non è idoneo a quel lavoro; It isn't fit that you should still be dependent on your parents, non è giusto che tu sia ancora a carico dei tuoi genitori; a fit title for a book, un titolo appropriato per un libro; I'm not fit for marriage, non sono fatto per il matrimonio; fit to eat, commestibile; mangiabile; fit for nothing, buono a nulla

2 in forma; in buona salute: to keep [to feel] fit, tenersi [sentirsi] in forma; fighting fit, in gran forma

3 in condizione (di); in grado (di); pronto (a, per): to be fit for work [travel], essere in condizione di lavorare [in grado di viaggiare]; He's not fit to drive, non è in condizione di guidare; not fit to be seen, in condizioni non presentabili (malconcio, sporco, ecc.)

● (fam.) fit as a fiddle (o as a flea), in ottima salute; sano come un pesce □ fit for a king, degno di un re; da re □ as you think fit, come meglio credi □ to be fit to drop, crollare dalla stanchezza □ to laugh fit to burst, crepare dal ridere.
fit (2) /fɪt/
n.

1 adattamento; (ling.) adeguamento

2 (mecc.) accoppiamento; aggiustaggio

3 ( sartoria) misura; taglia; a slightly tight fit, una misura (o taglia) un po' stretta; to be a perfect fit, andare a pennello.
fit (3) /fɪt/
n.

1 accesso; attacco; parossismo; convulso: a fainting fit, uno svenimento; a fit of coughing (o a coughing fit) un accesso di tosse; a fit of laughter, un convulso di riso; fits of depression, attacchi di depressione

2 (med.) convulsione; attacco (di convulsioni): epileptic fit, convulsione epilettica; attacco epilettico; to fall down in a fit, avere un attacco di convulsioni

3 scatto; scoppio; slancio; impeto; accesso: a fit of anger, uno scatto d'ira; a fit of generosity, uno slancio di generosità

4 (fam.) – the fit, capriccio; ticchio: if the fit takes me, se mi salta il ticchio

● by (o in) fits and starts, a sbalzi; a scatti; a singhiozzo; in modo irregolare □ (fam.) to give sb. a fit (o the fits), far venire un colpo (o un accidente) a q. (fam.) □ (fam.) to have (o to throw) a fit, infuriarsi; fare una scenata; dar fuori di matto (fam.): He'll have a fit when he finds out, farà una scenata quando se ne accorge! □ (fam.) to have sb. in fits, far morire dal ridere q. □ (fam.) to throw a fit = to have a fit ► sopra
FALSI AMICI: fit non significa fitta AVVISO: Per la condizione medica oggi si preferisce seizure. ♦ (to) fit /fɪt/
A v. t.

1 essere della misura (o della forma) giusta per; andare bene con; andare bene a (q.); adattarsi a; entrare in: This key doesn't fit the lock, questa chiave non va bene con la serratura; This dress fits me, but I don't like the colour, questo vestito come misura mi va bene, ma non mi piace il colore; It fits the hole exactly, entra perfettamente nel foro; to fit badly, non andare bene; non essere della misura giusta

2 rendere idoneo (o adatto): That experience fitted him for the mission, quell'esperienza lo aveva reso adatto per la missione

3 accordarsi con; concordare con; collimare con; corrispondere a: His story doesn't fit the facts, il suo racconto non concorda con i fatti; DIALOGO → - Enquiring about lost property- I'm sorry but nothing fitting that description has been handed in here, mi dispiace ma non hanno riportato niente che corrisponde alla sua descrizione

4 fornire; dotare; munire; provvedere

5 ( anche mecc.) montare; installare; mettere; adattare: to fit a new lock, mettere una serratura nuova

6 ( anche mecc.) aggiustare; far combaciare; incastrare

7 ( sartoria) mettere ( un abito) in prova; provare ( un indumento)

B v. i.

1 ( di indumento) essere della taglia giusta; andare bene: DIALOGO → - Clothes 3- How do they fit?, vanno bene?

2 ( di scarpa) essere del numero giusto; andare bene; calzare: These shoes fit like a glove, queste scarpe calzano come un guanto (o mi vanno a pennello)

3 inserirsi; entrare; stare: The dishwasher fits under the sink, la lavapiatti si inserisce sotto il lavandino; See if this box fits into that drawer, vedi se questa scatola ci sta in quel cassetto

4 essere adatto

● (fam.) to fit the bill, andar bene; essere quello che ci vuole; fare al caso di q. □ to make st. fit, adattare, adeguare qc.: to make the punishment fit the crime, adeguare la pena al reato □ (fam.) His face doesn't fit, non è adatto al posto; ci stona □ (prov.) If the cap fits, wear it, a buon intenditor poche parole.

* * *
I 1. [fɪt]
aggettivo

1) [ person] (in trim) in forma; (not ill) in buona salute

you're looking fit and well! — ti trovo bene!

to keep fit — tenersi in forma

2) (suitable)

to be fit company for — essere una buona o la giusta compagnia per

to be fit for — (worthy of) essere degno di [person, king]; (capable of) essere idoneo o adatto a [ job]

to be fit for nothing — non servire a niente

to be fit to drive — essere in condizione di guidare

fit to drink — potabile

fit to live in — abitabile

I'm not fit to be seen! — non sono presentabile!

to see o think fit to do ritenere giusto o opportuno fare; do as you see o think fit faccia come crede; to be in no fit state to do — non essere in condizione o in grado di fare
2.
avverbio colloq. (in emphatic phrases)

to laugh fit to burst — ridere a crepapelle

to cry fit to burst o to break your heart piangere come una vite tagliata o da spezzare il cuore; to be fit to drop — cascare dalla fatica
II [fɪt]
nome (of garment)

to be a good fit — stare a pennello

to be a poor fit — non essere della misura giusta

to be a tight fit — essere stretto
III 1. [fɪt]
verbo transitivo (pass. fitted, fit AE; p.pass. fitted)

1) (be the right size) [garment, shoe] andare bene a [ person]; [ object] andare bene con, su [ surface]; andare (bene) in [envelope, space]

the key fits this lock, this box — la chiave entra nella serratura, apre questa scatola

to fit ages 3 to 5 — andare bene ai bambini dai 3 ai 5 anni

"one size fits all" — "taglia unica"

2) (make or find room for)

to fit sth. in o into — trovare il posto per qcs. in [room, car]

3) (install) montare, installare [door, kitchen]

to fit A to B to fit A and B together incastrare, fare combaciare A con B; to fit sth. with — fornire qcs. di [attachment, lock]

4)

to fit sb. for — prendere le misure a qcn. per, provare a qcn. [ garment]

to fit sb. with — dotare qcn. di [hearing aid, prosthesis]

5) (be compatible with) corrispondere a [description, requirements]; adattarsi a [ decor]

the punishment should fit the crime — la pena dovrebbe essere commisurata al reato

6) (make suitable)

to fit sb. for, to do — [experience, qualifications] rendere qcn. idoneo o adatto per, a fare
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass. fitted, fit AE; p.pass. fitted)

1) (be the right size) [garment, shoes] andare bene; [lid, sheet] andare bene, essere adatto

this key doesn't fit — questa chiave non va (bene) o non entra

2) (have enough room)

will the table fit in that corner? — ci starà il tavolo in quell'angolo?

3) (go into place)

to fit inside one another — andare uno nell'altro

to fit into place — [part, handle] andare a posto; [cupboard, brick] entrare o stare perfettamente

4) fig. (correspond)

something doesn't quite fit here — qualcosa non quadra qui

to fit with — corrispondere a, combaciare con [statement, story, facts]

to fit into — adattarsi a, accordarsi con [ideology, colour scheme]

•

- fit in

- fit out
IV [fɪt]
nome

1) med. attacco m., accesso m., crisi f.

to have a fit — (unspecified) avere un attacco o una crisi; (epileptic) avere una crisi epilettica

fit of coughing — attacco di tosse

2) (of rage) scatto m.; (of jealousy, panic) crisi f.; (of passion) impeto m.

••

to have sb. in fits — colloq. fare ridere qcn. a crepapelle

to have o throw a fit colloq. uscire dai gangheri; by o in fits and starts — a sbalzi, a scatti

English-Italian dictionary > fit
11 turn

1. noun
1)

it is somebody's turn to do something — jemand ist an der Reihe, etwas zu tun

it's your turn [next] — du bist als nächster/nächste dran (ugs.) od. an der Reihe

wait one's turn — warten, bis man an der Reihe ist

your turn will come — du kommst auch [noch] an die Reihe

by turns — abwechselnd

he gave it to her, and she in turn passed it on to me — er gab es ihr, und sie wiederum reichte es an mich weiter

in one's turn — wiederum

out of turn — (before or after one's turn) außer der Reihe; (fig.) an der falschen Stelle [lachen]

excuse me if I'm talking out of turn — (fig.) entschuldige, wenn ich etwas Unpassendes sage

take [it in] turns — sich abwechseln

take turns at doing something, take it in turns to do something — etwas abwechselnd tun

2) (rotary motion) Drehung, die

give the handle a turn — den Griff [herum]drehen

[done] to a turn — genau richtig [zubereitet]

3) (change of direction) Wende, die

take a turn to the right/left, do or make or take a right/left turn — nach rechts/links abbiegen

‘no left/right turn’ — "links/rechts abbiegen verboten!"

the turn of the year/century — die Jahres-/Jahrhundertwende

a turn of fortune — eine Schicksalswende

take a favourable turn — (fig.) sich zum Guten wenden

4) (deflection) Biegung, die

5) (bend) Kurve, die; (corner) Ecke, die

at every turn — (fig.) (con- z stantly) ständig

6) (short performance on stage etc.) Nummer, die

do one's turn — auftreten

7) (change of tide)

turn of the tide — Gezeitenwechsel, der

8) (character)

be of a mechanical/speculative turn — technisch begabt sein/einen Hang zum Spekulativen haben

9) (literary): (formation) Rundung, die

10) (form of expression)

an elegant turn of speech/phrase — eine elegante Ausdrucksweise

11) (service)

do somebody a good/bad turn — jemandem einen guten/schlechten Dienst erweisen

one good turn deserves another — (prov.) hilfst du mir, so helf ich dir

12) (coll.): (fright)

give somebody quite a turn — jemandem einen gehörigen Schrecken einjagen (ugs.)
2. transitive verb
1) (make revolve) drehen

turn the tap — am Wasserhahn drehen

turn the key in the lock — den Schlüssel im Schloss herumdrehen

2) (reverse) umdrehen; wenden [Pfannkuchen, Matratze, Auto, Heu, Teppich]; umgraben [Erde]

turn something upside down or on its head — (lit. or fig.) etwas auf den Kopf stellen

turn something back to front — die Vorderseite einer Sache nach hinten drehen

turn something inside out — etwas nach außen stülpen od. drehen

turn the page — umblättern

3) (give new direction to) drehen, wenden [Kopf]

she could still turn heads — die Leute drehten sich immer noch nach ihr um

turn a hose/gun on somebody/something — einen Schlauch/ein Gewehr auf jemanden/etwas richten

turn one's attention/mind to something — sich/seine Gedanken einer Sache (Dat.) zuwenden

turn one's thoughts to a subject — sich [in Gedanken] mit einem Thema beschäftigen

turn a car into a road — [mit einem Auto] in eine Straße einbiegen

turn the tide [of something] — [bei etwas] den Ausschlag geben

turn somebody from his purpose — jemanden von seinem Vorhaben abbringen

4) (send)

turn somebody loose on somebody/something — jemanden auf jemanden/etwas loslassen

turn somebody from one's door/off one's land — jemanden von seiner Tür/von seinem Land verjagen

turn a dog on somebody — einen Hund auf jemanden hetzen

5) (cause to become) verwandeln

the cigarette smoke has turned the walls yellow — der Zigarettenrauch hat die Wände vergilben lassen

turn the lights low — das Licht dämpfen

turn a play/book into a film — ein Theaterstück/Buch verfilmen

the thought turned him pale — der Gedanke ließ ihn erbleichen (geh.)

6) (make sour) sauer werden lassen [Milch]

7)

turn somebody's stomach — jemandem den Magen umdrehen

8)

turn somebody's head — (make conceited) jemandem zu Kopf steigen

9) (shape in lathe) drechseln [Holz]; drehen [Metall]

10) drehen [Pirouette]; schlagen [Rad, Purzelbaum]

11) (reach the age of)

turn 40 — 40 [Jahre alt] werden

12)

it's just turned 12 o'clock/quarter past 4 — es ist gerade 12 Uhr/viertel nach vier vorbei
3. intransitive verb
1) (revolve) sich drehen; [Wasserhahn, Schlüssel:] sich drehen lassen

the earth turns on its axis — die Erde dreht sich um ihre Achse

he couldn't get the key to turn — er konnte den Schlüssel nicht drehen

2) (reverse direction) [Person:] sich herumdrehen; [Auto:] wenden

the car turned upside down — das Auto überschlug sich

turn back to front — sich von hinten nach vorne drehen

3) (take new direction) sich wenden; (turn round) sich umdrehen

his thoughts/attention turned to her — er wandte ihr seine Gedanken/Aufmerksamkeit zu

left/right turn! — (Mil.) links/rechts um!

turn into a road/away from the river — in eine Straße einbiegen/vom Fluss abbiegen

turn to the left — nach links abbiegen/[Schiff, Flugzeug:] abdrehen

turn up/down a street — in eine Straße einbiegen

turn towards home — den Heimweg einschlagen

when the tide turns — wenn die Ebbe/Flut kommt

not know where or which way to turn — (fig.) keinen Ausweg [mehr] wissen

my luck has turned — (fig.) mein Glück hat sich gewendet

4) (become) werden

turn traitor/statesman/Muslim — zum Verräter/zum Staatsmann/Moslem werden

turn [in]to something — zu etwas werden; (be transformed) sich in etwas (Akk.) verwandeln

her face turned green — sie wurde [ganz] grün im Gesicht

5) (change colour) [Laub:] sich [ver]färben

6) (become sour) [Milch:] sauer werden

7)

my stomach turns — mir dreht sich der Magen um (ugs.)

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/77106/turn_about">turn about

- turn against

- turn away

- turn back

- turn down

- turn in

- turn off

- turn on

- turn out

- turn over

- turn round

- turn to

- turn up

- turn upon

* * *
[tə:n] 1. verb
1) (to (make something) move or go round; to revolve: The wheels turned; He turned the handle.) (sich) drehen

2) (to face or go in another direction: He turned and walked away; She turned towards him.) sich (um-) drehen

3) (to change direction: The road turned to the left.) eine Biegung machen

4) (to direct; to aim or point: He turned his attention to his work.) lenken

5) (to go round: They turned the corner.) biegen um

6) (to (cause something to) become or change to: You can't turn lead into gold; At what temperature does water turn into ice?) (sich) verwandeln

7) (to (cause to) change colour to: Her hair turned white; The shock turned his hair white.) werden (lassen)
2. noun
1) (an act of turning: He gave the handle a turn.) die Drehung

2) (a winding or coil: There are eighty turns of wire on this aerial.) die Windung

3) ((also turning) a point where one can change direction, eg where one road joins another: Take the third turn(ing) on/to the left.) die Abzweigung

4) (one's chance or duty (to do, have etc something shared by several people): It's your turn to choose a record; You'll have to wait your turn in the bathroom.) die Reihe

5) (one of a series of short circus or variety acts, or the person or persons who perform it: The show opened with a comedy turn.) die Programmnummer

•

- turning-point
- turnover
- turnstile
- turntable
- turn-up
- by turns
- do someone a good turn
- do a good turn
- in turn
- by turns
- out of turn
- speak out of turn
- take a turn for the better
- worse
- take turns
- turn a blind eye
- turn against
- turn away
- turn back
- turn down
- turn in
- turn loose
- turn off
- turn on
- turn out
- turn over
- turn up
* * *

turn

[tɜ:n, AM tɜ:rn]

I. NOUN

1. (rotation) of a wheel Drehung f

give the screw a couple of \turns drehen Sie die Schraube einige Male um

to give the handle a \turn den Griff [herum]drehen

2. (change in direction: in road) Kurve f, SCHWEIZ a. Rank m fam; SPORT Wende f

“no left/right \turn” „Links/Rechts abbiegen verboten“

the path had many twists and \turns der Pfad wand und schlängelte sich dahin; ( fig)

the novel has many twists and \turns of plot die Handlung des Romans ist total verwickelt fam; ( fig)

things took an ugly turn die Sache nahm eine üble Wendung; ( fig)

I find the \turn of events most unsatisfactory ich mag nicht, wie sich die Dinge gerade entwickeln

to make a \turn abbiegen

to make a wrong \turn falsch abbiegen

to make a \turn to port/starboard NAUT nach Backbord/Steuerbord abdrehen

to take a \turn [to the left/right] [nach links/rechts] abbiegen

to take a \turn for the better/worse ( fig) sich zum Besseren/Schlechteren wenden [o SCHWEIZ meist kehren]

she's taken a \turn for the worse since... mit ihr ist es ziemlich bergab gegangen, seit... fam

to take a new \turn eine [ganz] neue Wendung nehmen

3. (changing point)

the \turn of the century die Jahrhundertwende

at the \turn of the century zur Jahrhundertwende

at the \turn of the 19th century Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts

the \turn of the tide der Gezeitenwechsel

the tide was on the \turn die Flut/Ebbe setzte gerade ein; ( fig)

the \turn of the tide occurred when... das Blatt wandte [o SCHWEIZ meist kehrte] sich, als...

4. (allotted time)

it's my \turn now! jetzt bin ich an der Reihe [o fam dran]!

it's Jill's \turn next Jill kommt als Nächste dran

it's your \turn to take out the rubbish du bist dran, den Abfall runter zu bringen

your \turn will come! du kommst schon auch noch dran! fam; (in desperate situations) du wirst auch noch zum Zuge kommen! fam

whose \turn is it? wer ist dran?

I want everyone to take their \turn nicely without any fighting ich will, dass ihr euch schön abwechselt, ohne Streitereien

you can have a \turn at the computer now Sie können jetzt den Computer benutzen

to do sth in \turn [or by \turns] etw abwechselnd tun

to miss a \turn eine Runde aussetzen

to take \turns [or esp BRIT it in \turns] doing sth etw abwechselnd tun

to take a \turn at the wheel für eine Weile das Steuer übernehmen

to wait one's \turn warten, bis man an der Reihe ist

▪ in \turn wiederum

she told Peter and he in \turn told me sie hat es Peter erzählt und er wiederum hat es dann mir erzählt

he's all sweet and cold in \turns [or by turn[s]] er ist abwechselnd total nett und dann wieder total kalt fam

5. ([dis]service)

to do sb a good/bad \turn jdm einen guten/schlechten Dienst erweisen

to do a good \turn eine gute Tat tun

6. (odd sensation, shock) Schreck[en] m

to give sb a \turn jdm einen gehörigen Schrecken einjagen

7. (feeling of queasiness) Anfall m; ( fam)

she was having one of her \turns sie hatte wieder einmal einen ihrer Anfälle

8. (performance on stage) Nummer f

to do comic \turns Sketche aufführen

to perform a \turn eine Nummer aufführen

9. (not appropriate)

▪ out of \turn:

what you've just said was completely out of \turn was du da gerade gesagt hast, war wirklich völlig unpassend

sorry, have I been talking out of \turn? tut mir leid, habe ich was Falsches gesagt?

he really was speaking out of \turn es war völlig unangebracht, dass er sich dazu äußerte

10. (character)

▪ to be of a... \turn of mind einen Hang zu etw dat haben

to be of a humorous \turn eine Frohnatur sein

to have a logical \turn of mind ein logischer Mensch sein

11. (stroll) Runde f

to take a \turn [in the park] eine [kleine] Runde [durch den Park] drehen

12. (round in coil, rope) Umwickelung f

13. (expression well put together)

a nice [or elegant] [or good] \turn of phrase elegante Ausdrucksweise; (wording) elegante Formulierung

to have a nice \turn of phrase sich akk sehr gut ausdrücken können

14. (purpose)

to serve sb's \turn jdm dienen

that'll serve my \turn das ist gerade genau das Richtige für mich

15. MUS Doppelschlag m

16. STOCKEX Gewinnspanne f, Gewinn m, Courtage f

jobber's \turn Courtage f

17. (cooked perfectly)

to be done [or cooked] to a \turn food gut durch[gebraten] sein

18. no pl (card in poker game)

▪ the \turn AM bei Texas Hold 'Em (Pokerspiel): die vierte Karte, die alle Spieler zugeteilt bekommen

19.

▶ at every \turn (continually) ständig; (again and again) jedes Mal

▶ to fight at every \turn mit aller Macht kämpfen

▶ one good \turn deserves another ( saying) eine Hand wäscht die andere

▶ to be on the \turn sich akk wandeln; milk einen Stich haben, sauer sein SCHWEIZ; leaves gelb werden

▶ a \turn of the screw eine weitere Verschärfung [einer Maßnahme]

the raising of their rent was another \turn of the screw in the landlord's attempt to get them evicted die Mieterhöhung war ein weiterer Versuch, ihnen Daumenschrauben anzulegen und sie allmählich aus der Wohnung zu drängen

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

1. (rotate, cause to rotate)

▪ to \turn sth knob, screw etw drehen

he \turned the key quietly in the lock er drehte den Schlüssel vorsichtig im Schloss um

she \turned the wheel sharply sie riss das Steuer herum

2. (switch direction)

▪ to \turn sth:

he \turned his head in surprise überrascht wendete er den Kopf

my mother can still \turn heads nach meiner Mutter drehen sich die Männer noch immer um

he \turned the car er wendete [o SCHWEIZ meist kehrte] den Wagen

the little girl just \turned her back to her das kleine Mädchen wandte ihr einfach den Rücken zu

she \turned the chair to the window so that she could look outside sie drehte den Stuhl zum Fenster, sodass sie hinausschauen konnte

to \turn one's car into a road [in eine Straße] abbiegen

to \turn round the corner um die Ecke biegen

to \turn the course of history den Gang der Geschichte [ver]ändern

to \turn one's eyes towards sb jdn anblicken

to \turn somersaults einen Purzelbaum schlagen; SPORT einen Salto machen; ( fig)

he \turned somersaults in his joy er machte vor Freude Luftsprünge

3. (aim)

▪ to \turn sth on sb lamp, hose etw auf jdn richten

she \turned her full anger onto him ihr ganzer Zorn richtete sich gegen ihn

the stranger \turned a hostile stare on him der Fremde warf ihm einen feindseligen Blick zu

to \turn one's attention [or mind] to sth seine Aufmerksamkeit etw dat zuwenden

to \turn a gun on sb ein Gewehr auf jdn richten

to \turn one's steps homewards sich akk nach Hause begeben

to \turn one's thoughts to sth sich akk etw dat zuwenden

4. (sprain)

▪ to \turn sth sich dat etw verrenken

to \turn one's ankle sich dat den Knöchel verrenken

5. + adj (cause to become)

▪ to \turn sb/sth sth:

the shock \turned her hair grey overnight durch den Schock wurde sie über Nacht grau

the cigarette smoke had \turned the walls grey durch den Zigarettenrauch waren die Wände ganz grau geworden

the hot weather has \turned the milk sour durch die Hitze ist die Milch sauer geworden

the news \turned her pale als sie die Nachricht hörte, wurde sie ganz bleich

his comment \turned her angry sein Kommentar verärgerte sie

6. (cause to feel nauseous)

to \turn sb's stomach jdn den Magen umdrehen

the smell \turned her stomach bei dem Gestank drehte sich ihr der Magen um

7. (change)

▪ to \turn sth/sb into sth etw/jdn in etw akk umwandeln

the wizard \turned the ungrateful prince into a frog der Zauberer verwandelte den undankbaren Prinzen in einen Frosch

to \turn a book into a film ein Buch verfilmen

to \turn sth into German/English etw ins Deutsche/Englische übertragen

to \turn the light[s] low das Licht dämpfen

8. (reverse)

▪ to \turn sth garment, mattress etw wenden [o umdrehen] [o SCHWEIZ meist kehren]

to \turn the page umblättern

to \turn sth inside out bag etw umdrehen, von etw dat das Innere nach Außen kehren

9. (gain)

to \turn a profit einen Gewinn machen

10. (send)

to \turn a dog on sb einen Hund auf jdn hetzen

to \turn sb loose on sth jdn auf etw akk loslassen

to be \turned loose losgelassen werden akk

11. (stop sb)

▪ to \turn sb from sth jdn von etw dat abbringen

12. TECH (create by rotating)

▪ to \turn sth wood etw drechseln; metal etw drehen

13.

▶ to be able to \turn one's hand to anything ein Händchen für alles haben

▶ to \turn one's back on sb/sth sich akk von jdm/etw abwenden fig

it is time for you to \turn your back on childish pursuits es wird langsam Zeit, dass du deine kindischen Spiele hinter dir lässt

▶ to \turn a blind eye sich akk blind stellen

▶ to \turn a blind eye to sth die Augen vor etw dat verschließen

▶ to \turn the other cheek die andere Wange hinhalten fig

▶ to \turn the corner [allmählich] über dem Berg sein

▶ to \turn a deaf ear [to sth] sich akk [gegenüber etw dat] taub stellen

▶ to not \turn a hair keine Miene verziehen

without \turning a hair... ohne auch nur mit der Wimper zu zucken

▶ to \turn one's hand to sth sich akk in etw dat versuchen

▶ to \turn sb's head jdm den Kopf verdrehen

▶ sth has \turned sb's head etw ist jdm zu Kopf[e] gestiegen

▶ to \turn sth on its head etw [vollkommen] auf den Kopf stellen

▶ to know how to \turn a compliment wissen, wie man Komplimente macht

▶ to \turn a phrase sprachgewandt sein

▶ to \turn the spotlight on sb/sth die [allgemeine] Aufmerksamkeit auf jdn/etw lenken

▶ to \turn the tables [on sb] den Spieß umdrehen [o SCHWEIZ meist umkehren]

▶ to \turn tail and run auf der Stelle kehrtmachen und die Flucht ergreifen

▶ to \turn a trick prostitute sich akk prostituieren

▶ to \turn sth upside down [or inside out] etw gründlich durchsuchen; room etw auf den Kopf stellen fam

III. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1. (rotate) sich drehen; person sich akk umdrehen

this tap won't \turn dieser Hahn lässt sich nicht drehen

▪ to \turn on sth sich akk um etw akk drehen

the ballerina \turned on her toes die Ballerina drehte auf den Zehenspitzen Pirouetten

the chickens were being \turned on a spit die Hähnchen wurden auf einem Spieß gedreht

the earth \turns on its axis die Erde dreht sich um ihre Achse

▪ to \turn to sb sich akk zu jdm [um]drehen

to \turn upside down boat umkippen; car sich überschlagen

2. (switch the direction faced) person sich akk umdrehen; car wenden, SCHWEIZ meist kehren; (in bend) abbiegen; wind drehen; ( fig) SCHWEIZ meist kehren; ( fig) sich akk wenden

she \turned onto the highway sie bog auf die Autobahn ab

she \turned into a little street sie bog in ein Sträßchen ein

heads still \turn when she walks along die Männer schauen ihr noch immer nach

when the tide \turns (high tide) wenn die Flut kommt; (low tide) wenn es Ebbe wird; ( fig) wenn sich das Blatt wendet [o SCHWEIZ meist kehrt]

the path down the mountain twisted and \turned der Pfad schlängelte sich den Berghang hinab

to \turn on one's heel auf dem Absatz kehrtmachen

to \turn right/left [nach] rechts/links abbiegen; ship nach rechts/links abdrehen; MIL

\turn right! rechts um!

▪ to \turn towards sb/sth sich akk zu jdm/etw umdrehen; (turn attention to) sich akk jdm/etw zuwenden

plants \turn toward the light Pflanzen wenden sich dem Licht zu

3. ( fig: for aid or advice)

▪ to \turn to sb [for sth] sich akk [wegen einer S. gen] an jdn wenden

he has no one to \turn to er hat niemanden, an den er sich wenden kann

he \turned to me for help er wandte sich an mich und bat um Hilfe

I don't know which way to \turn ich weiß keinen Ausweg mehr

to \turn to drink sich akk in den Alkohol flüchten

to \turn to God sich akk Gott zuwenden

to \turn to sb for money jdn um Geld bitten

4. (change) werden; milk sauer werden; leaves gelb werden, sich verfärben

his mood \turned quite nasty er wurde richtig schlecht gelaunt

his face \turned green er wurde ganz grün im Gesicht fam

my hair is \turning grey! ich kriege graue Haare!

the friendship between the two neighbours \turned sour das freundschaftliche Verhältnis zwischen den beiden Nachbarn kühlte sich erheblich ab

my luck has \turned das Blatt hat sich gewandt

to \turn informer/traitor zum Informanten/zur Informantin/zum Verräter/zur Verräterin werden

to \turn Muslim Muslim werden

to \turn cold/warm/pale kalt/warm/blass werden

to \turn red person, traffic lights rot werden

▪ to \turn into sth zu etw dat werden

the frog \turned into a handsome prince der Frosch verwandelte sich in einen schönen Prinzen

he \turned from a sweet boy into a sullen brat aus dem süßen kleinen Jungen wurde ein mürrischer Flegel

all this \turned into a nightmare das alles ist zum Albtraum geworden

when there's a full moon, he \turns into a werewolf bei Vollmond verwandelt er sich in einen Werwolf

5. (turn attention to)

▪ to \turn to sth conversation, subject sich akk etw dat zuwenden

my thoughts \turned to him and his family meine Gedanken gingen an ihn und seine Familie

6. (attain particular age)

to \turn 20/40 20/40 werden

7. (pass particular hour)

it had already \turned eleven es war schon kurz nach elf

it has just \turned past five o'clock es ist gerade fünf vorbei

just as it \turned midnight... genau um Mitternacht...

8. (make feel sick)

my stomach \turned at the grisly sight bei dem grässlichen Anblick drehte sich mir der Magen um

this smell makes my stomach \turn bei diesem Geruch dreht sich mir der Magen um

9.

▶ to \turn on a dime AM auf der Stelle kehrt machen

▶ to \turn [over] in one's grave sich akk im Grabe umdrehen

▶ to \turn tattle-tail AM ( usu childspeak fam) petzen fam, SCHWEIZ a. rätschen fam, ÖSTERR a. tratschen fam

* * *

turn¹ [tɜːn; US tɜrn]

A s

1. Drehung f:

give sth a turn (two turns) etwas (zweimal) drehen;

be done to a turn GASTR gerade richtig durchgebraten sein; → wheel A 7

2. Turnus m, Reihe(nfolge) f:

turn (and turn) about reihum, abwechselnd, wechselweise;

she was laughing and crying by turns sie lachte und weinte abwechselnd;

in turn

a) der Reihe nach,

b) dann wieder;

in his turn seinerseits;

speak out of turn fig unpassende Bemerkungen machen;

I hope I haven’t spoken out of turn ich habe doch nichts Falsches gesagt?;

now it is my turn jetzt bin ich dran oder an der Reihe;

then it was my turn to be astonished dann war ich erstaunt;

whose turn is it to do the dishes? wer ist mit dem Abspülen dran?;

my turn will come fig meine Zeit kommt auch noch, ich komme schon noch dran;

take turns sich abwechseln (at bei);

we took turns at driving auch wir fuhren abwechselnd;

take one’s turn handeln, wenn die Reihe an einen kommt;

wait your turn warte, bis du an der Reihe oder dran bist!

3. Drehen n, Wendung f:

turn to the left Linkswendung

4. Wendepunkt m (auch fig)

5. a) Biegung f, Kurve f, Kehre f

b) → turning 4 b:

at every turn ständig, überall

6. SPORT

a) Turnen: Drehung f

b) Schwimmen: Wende f:

at the turn an oder bei der Wende,

c) Skisport: Wende f, Kehre f, Schwung m

d) Eis-, Rollkunstlauf: Kehre f, Kurve f

7. Krümmung f ( auch MATH)

8. Wendung f:

a) Umkehr f:

be on the turn SCHIFF umschlagen (Gezeiten) ( → A 29); → tide¹ A 1

b) Richtung f, (Ver)Lauf m:

take a turn for the better (worse) sich bessern (sich verschlimmern);

take an interesting turn eine interessante Wendung nehmen (Gespräch etc),

c) (Glücks-, Zeiten- etc)Wende f, Wechsel m, Umschwung m:

a turn in one’s luck eine Glücks- oder Schicksalswende;

turn of the century Jahrhundertwende;

turn of life Lebenswende, MED Wechseljahre pl (der Frau)

9. Ausschlag(en) m(n) (einer Waage)

10. (Arbeits)Schicht f

11. Tour f, (einzelne) Windung (einer Bandage, eines Kabels etc)

12. (kurzer) Spaziergang, Runde f:

take a turn einen Spaziergang machen

13. kurze Fahrt, Spritztour f

14. SCHIFF Törn m

15. (Rede)Wendung f, Formulierung f

16. Form f, Gestalt f, Beschaffenheit f

17. Art f, Charakter m:

turn (of mind) Denkart f, -weise f

18. (for, to) Neigung f, Hang m, Talent n (zu), Sinn m (für):

practical turn praktische Veranlagung;

have a turn for languages sprachbegabt sein;

be of a humorous turn Sinn für Humor haben

19. a) (ungewöhnliche oder unerwartete) Tat

b) Dienst m, Gefallen m:

do sb a good ( a bad oder an ill) turn jemandem einen guten (schlechten) Dienst erweisen;

do sb a good turn auch jemandem einen Gefallen tun oder einen Freundschaftsdienst erweisen;

one good turn deserves another (Sprichwort) eine Liebe ist der anderen wert

20. (kurze) Beschäftigung:

turn (of work) (Stück n) Arbeit f;

take a turn at sth es kurz mit etwas versuchen

21. MED

a) Taumel m, Schwindel m

b) Anfall m

22. umg Schock m, Schrecken m:

give sb (quite) a turn jemanden (ganz schön) erschrecken

23. Zweck m:

this will serve your turn das wird dir nützlich sein;

this won’t serve my turn damit ist mir nicht gedient

24. WIRTSCH vollständig durchgeführte Börsenaktion

25. MUS Doppelschlag m

26. THEAT besonders Br (Programm)Nummer f

27. MIL (Kehrt)Wendung f, Schwenkung f:

left (right) turn! Br links-(rechts)um!;

about turn! Br ganze Abteilung kehrt!

28. TYPO Fliegenkopf m (umgedrehter Buchstabe)

29. be on the turn am Sauerwerden sein (Milch) ( → A 8)

B v/t

1. (im Kreis oder um eine Achse) drehen

2. einen Schlüssel, eine Schraube etc, auch einen Patienten (um-, herum)drehen

3. auch ein Kleidungsstück wenden, etwas umkehren, -stülpen, -drehen, einen Agenten umdrehen:

it turned my stomach mir drehte sich dabei der Magen um; → head Bes Redew

4. ein Blatt, eine Buchseite umdrehen, -wenden, -blättern:

turn the page umblättern

5. BAHN eine Weiche, TECH einen Hebel umlegen

6. AGR den Boden umgraben, -pflügen

7. zuwenden, -drehen, -kehren ( alle:

to dat)

8. den Blick, die Kamera, seine Schritte etc wenden, auch seine Gedanken, sein Verlangen richten, lenken ( alle:

against gegen;

on auf akk;

toward[s] auf akk, nach):

turn the hose on the fire den Schlauch auf das Feuer richten;

turn one’s steps home die Schritte heimwärts lenken; → attention 1

9. a) um-, ab-, weglenken, -leiten, -wenden:

turn a shot round the post SPORT einen Schuss um den Pfosten drehen,

b) ein Geschoss etc abwenden, abhalten

10. jemanden umstimmen, abbringen ( from von)

11. die Richtung ändern, eine neue Richtung geben (dat)

12. das Gesprächsthema wechseln

13. a) eine Waage etc zum Ausschlagen bringen

b) fig ausschlaggebend sein bei:

turn an election bei einer Wahl den Ausschlag geben; → scale² A 1

14. verwandeln ( into in akk):

turn water into wine;

turn love into hate;

turn a firm into a joint-stock company eine Firma in eine Aktiengesellschaft umwandeln;

turn into cash flüssigmachen, zu Geld machen;

turn one’s superiority into goals SPORT seine Überlegenheit in Tore ummünzen

15. machen, werden lassen ( beide:

into zu):

turn sb sick

a) bes US jemanden krank machen,

b) jemandem Übelkeit verursachen;

it turned her pale es ließ sie erblassen

16. auch turn sour Milch sauer werden lassen

17. die Blätter, das Laub verfärben

18. einen Text übertragen, -setzen ( beide:

into Italian ins Italienische)

19. herumgehen oder biegen um: → corner A 1

20. MIL

a) umgehen, umfassen

b) die feindliche Flanke etc aufrollen

21. hinausgehen oder hinaus sein über (akk):

he is just turning ( oder has just turned) 50 er ist gerade 50 geworden

22. TECH

a) drehen

b) Holzwaren drechseln

c) Glas marbeln, rollen

23. auch fig formen, gestalten, (kunstvoll) bilden, Komplimente, Verse etc drechseln:

a well-turned ankle ein wohlgeformtes Fußgelenk;

turn a phrase einen Satz bilden oder formen oder feilen

24. WIRTSCH verdienen, umsetzen

25. eine Messerschneide etc

a) um-, verbiegen

b) stumpf machen:

turn the edge ( oder point) of fig einer Bemerkung etc die Spitze nehmen

26. einen Salto machen, einen Purzelbaum schlagen

27. turn loose

a) freilassen,

b) einen Hund etc loslassen (on auf akk)

C v/i

1. sich drehen (lassen), sich (im Kreis) (herum)drehen (Rad etc)

2. sich drehen oder hin- und herbewegen (lassen) (Wasserhahn etc)

3. umdrehen, -wenden, besonders (in einem Buch) (um)blättern

4. sich (ab-, hin-, zu-)wenden: → turn to A

5. sich (stehend, liegend etc) (um-, herum)drehen: → grave¹ 1

6. a) SCHIFF, AUTO wenden, SCHIFF (ab)drehen

b) FLUG, AUTO kurven, eine Kurve machen

7. AUTO etc einbiegen ( into in akk), (ab)biegen:

turn right nach rechts abbiegen;

I don’t know which way to turn fig ich weiß nicht, was ich machen soll

8. eine Biegung machen (Straße, Wasserlauf etc)

9. sich krümmen oder winden: → worm A 1

10. zurückschlagen oder -prallen oder fig -fallen ( alle:

on auf akk)

11. sich umdrehen:

a) sich um 180° drehen

b) zurückschauen

12. sich umdrehen oder umwenden (lassen), sich umstülpen:

my umbrella turned inside out mein Regenschirm stülpte sich um;

my stomach turned at this sight, this sight made my stomach turn bei diesem Anblick drehte sich mir der Magen um

13. my head is turning mir dreht sich alles im Kopf;

his head turned with the success der Erfolg stieg ihm zu Kopf

14. sich (ver)wandeln (into, to in akk), umschlagen (besonders Wetter):

her love has turned into hate

15. blass, kalt etc werden:

turn blue blau anlaufen;

turn (sour) sauer werden (Milch);

turn traitor zum Verräter werden

16. sich verfärben (Blätter, Laub)

17. sich wenden (Gezeiten): → tide¹ A 1

18. TECH sich drehen oder drechseln oder (ver)formen lassen

turn² [tɜrn] v/i SPORT US turnen

* * *
1. noun
1)

it is somebody's turn to do something — jemand ist an der Reihe, etwas zu tun

it's your turn [next] — du bist als nächster/nächste dran (ugs.) od. an der Reihe

wait one's turn — warten, bis man an der Reihe ist

your turn will come — du kommst auch [noch] an die Reihe

by turns — abwechselnd

he gave it to her, and she in turn passed it on to me — er gab es ihr, und sie wiederum reichte es an mich weiter

in one's turn — wiederum

out of turn — (before or after one's turn) außer der Reihe; (fig.) an der falschen Stelle [lachen]

excuse me if I'm talking out of turn — (fig.) entschuldige, wenn ich etwas Unpassendes sage

take [it in] turns — sich abwechseln

take turns at doing something, take it in turns to do something — etwas abwechselnd tun

2) (rotary motion) Drehung, die

give the handle a turn — den Griff [herum]drehen

[done] to a turn — genau richtig [zubereitet]

3) (change of direction) Wende, die

take a turn to the right/left, do or make or take a right/left turn — nach rechts/links abbiegen

‘no left/right turn’ — "links/rechts abbiegen verboten!"

the turn of the year/century — die Jahres-/Jahrhundertwende

a turn of fortune — eine Schicksalswende

take a favourable turn — (fig.) sich zum Guten wenden

4) (deflection) Biegung, die

5) (bend) Kurve, die; (corner) Ecke, die

at every turn — (fig.) (con- z stantly) ständig

6) (short performance on stage etc.) Nummer, die

do one's turn — auftreten

7) (change of tide)

turn of the tide — Gezeitenwechsel, der

8) (character)

be of a mechanical/speculative turn — technisch begabt sein/einen Hang zum Spekulativen haben

9) (literary): (formation) Rundung, die

10) (form of expression)

an elegant turn of speech/phrase — eine elegante Ausdrucksweise

11) (service)

do somebody a good/bad turn — jemandem einen guten/schlechten Dienst erweisen

one good turn deserves another — (prov.) hilfst du mir, so helf ich dir

12) (coll.): (fright)

give somebody quite a turn — jemandem einen gehörigen Schrecken einjagen (ugs.)
2. transitive verb
1) (make revolve) drehen

turn the tap — am Wasserhahn drehen

turn the key in the lock — den Schlüssel im Schloss herumdrehen

2) (reverse) umdrehen; wenden [Pfannkuchen, Matratze, Auto, Heu, Teppich]; umgraben [Erde]

turn something upside down or on its head — (lit. or fig.) etwas auf den Kopf stellen

turn something back to front — die Vorderseite einer Sache nach hinten drehen

turn something inside out — etwas nach außen stülpen od. drehen

turn the page — umblättern

3) (give new direction to) drehen, wenden [Kopf]

she could still turn heads — die Leute drehten sich immer noch nach ihr um

turn a hose/gun on somebody/something — einen Schlauch/ein Gewehr auf jemanden/etwas richten

turn one's attention/mind to something — sich/seine Gedanken einer Sache (Dat.) zuwenden

turn one's thoughts to a subject — sich [in Gedanken] mit einem Thema beschäftigen

turn a car into a road — [mit einem Auto] in eine Straße einbiegen

turn the tide [of something] — [bei etwas] den Ausschlag geben

turn somebody from his purpose — jemanden von seinem Vorhaben abbringen

4) (send)

turn somebody loose on somebody/something — jemanden auf jemanden/etwas loslassen

turn somebody from one's door/off one's land — jemanden von seiner Tür/von seinem Land verjagen

turn a dog on somebody — einen Hund auf jemanden hetzen

5) (cause to become) verwandeln

the cigarette smoke has turned the walls yellow — der Zigarettenrauch hat die Wände vergilben lassen

turn the lights low — das Licht dämpfen

turn a play/book into a film — ein Theaterstück/Buch verfilmen

the thought turned him pale — der Gedanke ließ ihn erbleichen (geh.)

6) (make sour) sauer werden lassen [Milch]

7)

turn somebody's stomach — jemandem den Magen umdrehen

8)

turn somebody's head — (make conceited) jemandem zu Kopf steigen

9) (shape in lathe) drechseln [Holz]; drehen [Metall]

10) drehen [Pirouette]; schlagen [Rad, Purzelbaum]

11) (reach the age of)

turn 40 — 40 [Jahre alt] werden

12)

it's just turned 12 o'clock/quarter past 4 — es ist gerade 12 Uhr/viertel nach vier vorbei
3. intransitive verb
1) (revolve) sich drehen; [Wasserhahn, Schlüssel:] sich drehen lassen

the earth turns on its axis — die Erde dreht sich um ihre Achse

he couldn't get the key to turn — er konnte den Schlüssel nicht drehen

2) (reverse direction) [Person:] sich herumdrehen; [Auto:] wenden

the car turned upside down — das Auto überschlug sich

turn back to front — sich von hinten nach vorne drehen

3) (take new direction) sich wenden; (turn round) sich umdrehen

his thoughts/attention turned to her — er wandte ihr seine Gedanken/Aufmerksamkeit zu

left/right turn! — (Mil.) links/rechts um!

turn into a road/away from the river — in eine Straße einbiegen/vom Fluss abbiegen

turn to the left — nach links abbiegen/[Schiff, Flugzeug:] abdrehen

turn up/down a street — in eine Straße einbiegen

turn towards home — den Heimweg einschlagen

when the tide turns — wenn die Ebbe/Flut kommt

not know where or which way to turn — (fig.) keinen Ausweg [mehr] wissen

my luck has turned — (fig.) mein Glück hat sich gewendet

4) (become) werden

turn traitor/statesman/Muslim — zum Verräter/zum Staatsmann/Moslem werden

turn [in]to something — zu etwas werden; (be transformed) sich in etwas (Akk.) verwandeln

her face turned green — sie wurde [ganz] grün im Gesicht

5) (change colour) [Laub:] sich [ver]färben

6) (become sour) [Milch:] sauer werden

7)

my stomach turns — mir dreht sich der Magen um (ugs.)

Phrasal Verbs:

- turn about

- turn against

- turn away

- turn back

- turn down

- turn in

- turn off

- turn on

- turn out

- turn over

- turn round

- turn to

- turn up

- turn upon

* * *

(over) v.

wenden v.

(§ p.,pp.: wandte (wendete), gewandt (gewendet)) (round) to face (look at)

someone expr.

= jemandem das Gesicht zuwenden ausdr. v.

drehen v.

rotieren v.

umwenden v. n.

Drehbewegung f.

Drehung -en f.

Umdrehung f.

Wendung -en f.

English-german dictionary > turn
12 to

1. tə,tu preposition
1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) a, hacia

2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) a, hasta

3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) hasta

4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) con, a

5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) a, para

6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) en

7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) a

8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) en; para

9) (tə used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) para

10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) (hacerlo)

2. tu: adverb
1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) hasta cerrar

2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).) a

•

- to and fro

to prep

1. a

we are going to the coast nos vamos a la costa

we got to the airport at six llegamos al aeropuerto a las seis

she sent a postcard to her boyfriend envió una postal a su novio

give it to me dámelo a mí

he ran to school fue al colegio corriendo

2. a / hasta

she works from nine to five trabaja de nueve a cinco / trabaja desde las nueve hasta las cinco

3. menos

it's five to seven son las siete menos cinco

4. para

he rang to say hello llamó para saludarme

to

tr[tʊ, ʊnstressed tə]

preposition

1 (with place) a

■ we're going to a concert vamos a un concierto

■ did you go to the bank? ¿fuiste al banco?

■ he was taken to the police station lo llevaron a la comisaría

■ I have been to lots of countries he estado en muchos países

■ I saw her on the way to the airport la vi camino del aeropuerto

■ they travelled from town to town viajaron de ciudad en ciudad

■ A is to the north/south/east/west of B A está al norte/sur/este/oeste de B

■ it's twenty miles to York York está a veinte millas de aquí

2 (towards) hacia

■ the Labour party has moved to the right el partido laborista se ha desplazado hacia la derecha

■ it's further to the north está más hacia el norte

■ he sat with his back to her se sentó de espaldas a ella

3 (as far as, until) a, hasta

■ from beginning to end desde el principio hasta el final

■ she can count up to 10 sabe contar hasta 10

■ from Monday to Friday de lunes a viernes

■ we work from 9 to 5 trabajamos de 9 a 5

■ her hair reaches down to her waist el pelo le llega hasta la cintura

■ I like all music, from Abba to ZZTop me gusta toda la música, desde Abba hasta ZZTop

■ it's accurate to within one second tiene un margen de error de menos de un segundo

4 (of time) menos

■ it's ten to two son las dos menos diez

■ it's nearly twenty to son casi menos veinte

■ a quarter to eight las ocho menos cuarto

■ there are only two weeks to Christmas faltan sólo dos semanas para Navidad

5 (with indirect object) a

■ I showed the letter to my mother le enseñé la carta a mi madre

■ she lent the book to her friend le dejó el libro a su amiga

■ I gave it to him se lo di a él

6 (for) de

■ the key to the safe la llave de la caja fuerte

■ he's secretary to the board es secretario del consejo de administración

■ what's the answer to question 4? ¿cuál es la respuesta a la pregunta número 4?

■ heir to the throne heredero al trono

7 (attitude, behaviour) con, para con

■ you've been very kind to us has sido muy amable con nosotros

■ be nice to her pórtate bien con ella

■ he was so rude to me se mostró muy grosero conmigo

8 (in honour of) a

■ we drink to his health brindamos a su salud

■ a monument to Churchill un monumento a Churchill

9 (touching) a, contra

■ he put his ear to the wall puso la oreja contra la pared

■ she clutched her bag to her chest se estrechó el bolso contra el pecho

10 (accompanied by) acompañado,-a de

■ we danced to the music bailamos al compás de la música

■ he left to loud shouts of disapproval se marchó entre gritos de desaprobación

11 (causing something) para

■ to my surprise, it was empty para mi sorpresa, estaba vacío

12 (as seen by) por lo que respecta

■ to a foreigner, it must seem awful para un extranjero, debe parecer terrible

■ to some people he was a hero, to others a traitor para algunos era un héroe, para otros era un traidor

13 (indicating comparison) a

■ I prefer tea to coffee prefiero el té al café

■ that's nothing to what I heard eso no es nada comparado con lo que he oído

14 (ratio) a

■ they won by fourteen points to ten ganaron por catorce puntos a diez

■ we lost by three goals to two perdimos por tres a dos

■ the odds are 50 to 1 las posibilidades son 50 contra 1

15 (per, equivalent) a, en

■ there are 100 pence to the pound hay 100 peniques en una libra

■ how much does your car do to the gallon? ≈ ¿cuánto gasta tu coche a los cien kilómetros?

16 (according to) según

■ to my way of thinking a mi modo de entender

■ is it to your taste? ¿es de su agrado?

■ I did it to the best of my ability lo hice lo mejor posible

■ contrary to all appearances en contra de todos los indicios

17 (result) a

■ wait until the light turns to green espera hasta que la luz cambie a verde

■ she was reduced to tears se deshizo en lágrimas

■ the party's rapid rise to power la rápida subida al poder del partido

■ he smashed it to pieces lo hizo pedazos

18 (in order to) para, a fin de

■ I worked overtime to earn some extra money hice horas extras para ganar más dinero

19 (used as object of many verbs)

■ she wants you to go away quiere que te vayas

20 (substituting infinitive)

■ would you like to dance? --I'd love to ¿te gustaría bailar? --me encantaría

■ she didn't want to go, but she had to no quería ir, pero no le quedaba más remedio

adverb

1 (of door) ajustada

■ push the door to ajusta la puerta

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to and fro vaivén, ir y venir Table 1SMALLNOTA/SMALL Cuando se usa con la raíz del verbo para formar el infinitivo no se traduce/Table 1 ■ I want to help you quiero ayudarte

■ he tried to sell his car intentó vender su coche

to ['tu:] adv

1) : a un estado consciente

to come to: volver en sí

2)

to and fro : de aquí para allá, de un lado para otro

to prep

1) (indicating a place) : a

to go to the doctor: ir al médico

I'm going to John's: voy a la casa de John

2) toward: a, hacia

two miles to the south: dos millas hacia el sur

3) on: en, sobre

apply salve to the wound: póngale ungüento a la herida

4) up to: hasta, a

to a degree: hasta cierto grado

from head to toe: de pies a cabeza

5) (in expressions of time)

it's quarter to seven: son las siete menos cuarto

6) until: a, hasta

from May to December: de mayo a diciembre

7) (indicating belonging or possession) : de, a

the key to the lock: la llave del candado

8) (indicating response) : a

dancing to the rhythm: bailando al compás

9) (indicating comparison or proportion) : a

it's similar to mine: es parecido al mío

they won 4 to 2: ganaron 4 a 2

10) (indicating agreement or conformity) : a, de acuerdo con

made to order: hecho a la orden

to my knowledge: a mi saber

11) (indicating inclusion) : en cada, por

twenty to the box: veinte por caja

12) (used to form the infinitive)

to understand: entender

to go away: irse

I tuː, weak form tə
preposition

1)

a) ( indicating destination) a

we're going to Paris — vamos a París

I'll drive you to the station — te llevo a la estación

we went to John's — fuimos a casa de John, fuimos a lo de John (RPl), fuimos donde John (esp AmL)

you can wear it to a party/the wedding — puedes ponértelo para una fiesta/la boda

b) ( indicating direction) hacia

move a little to the right — córrete un poco hacia la derecha

he turned to me — se volvió hacia mí

it's pointing to the east — señala al Este

c) ( indicating position) a

to the left/right of something — a la izquierda/derecha de algo

a mile to the south of Milton — una milla al sur de Milton

2) (against, onto)

she clasped him to her — lo estrechó contra ella

they stuck the poster to the wall — pegaron el cartel en la pared

3)

a) ( as far as) hasta

she can count (up) to 100 now — ya sabe contar hasta 100

to a certain extent — hasta cierto punto

a year ago to the day — hace exactamente un año

b) ( until) hasta

I can't stay to the end — no puedo quedarme hasta el final

c) ( indicating range)

there will be 30 to 35 guests — habrá entre 30 y 35 invitados; see also from 4)

4)

a) ( showing indirect object)

who did you send/give it to? — ¿a quién se lo mandaste/diste?

give it to me — dámelo

what did you say to him/them? — ¿qué le/les dijiste?

I'll hand you over to Jane — te paso or (Esp tb) te pongo con Jane

I was singing/talking to myself — estaba cantando/hablando solo

to me, he will always be a hero — para mí, siempre será un héroe

he was very kind/rude to me — fue muy amable/grosero conmigo

b) (in toasts, dedications)

here's to Toby — brindemos por Toby

here's to a Happy New Year — Feliz Año Nuevo!

best wishes to you both — los mejores deseos para ambos

to Paul with love from Jane — para Paul, con cariño de Jane

5) (indicating proportion, relation)

how many ounces are there to the pound? — ¿cuántas onzas hay en una libra?

600 pesos to the US dollar — 600 pesos por dólar

it does 30 miles to the gallon — da or rinde 30 millas por galón, consume 6.75 litros a los or por cada cien kilómetros

Barcelona won by two goals to one — Barcelona ganó por dos (goles) a uno

there's a 10 to 1 chance of... — hay una probabilidad de uno en 10 de...

that's nothing to what followed — eso no es nada comparado or en comparación con lo que vino después

6) ( concerning)

what do you say to that? — ¿qué dices a eso?, ¿qué te parece (eso)?

that's all there is to it — eso es todo

there's nothing to it — es muy simple or sencillo

7)

a) ( in accordance with)

to all appearances — según parece

they are not to my taste — no son de mi gusto

b) ( producing)

to my horror/delight... — para mi horror/alegría...

c) ( indicating purpose)

to this end — con este fin

8) ( indicating belonging) de

the key to the front door — la llave de la puerta principal

the solution to the problem — la solución al or del problema

it has a nice ring/sound to it — suena bien

9) ( telling time) (BrE)

ten to three — las tres menos diez, diez para las tres (AmL exc RPl)

10) ( accompanied by)

we danced to the music — bailamos al compás de la música

they sang it to the tune of `Clementine' — lo cantaron con la melodía de `Clementine'

II tə
(in infinitives)

1)

a)

to sing/fear/leave — cantar/temer/partir

I want to dance — quiero bailar

I want them to dance — quiero que bailen

b) ( in order to) para

I do it to save money — lo hago para ahorrar dinero

c) ( indicating result)

he awoke to find her gone — cuando despertó, ella ya se había ido

I walked 5 miles only to be told they weren't home — caminé 5 millas para que me dijeran que no estaban en casa

d) ( without vb)

I'd love to! — me encantaría!

he doesn't want to — no quiere

2) (after adj or n)

it's easy/difficult to do — es fácil/difícil de hacer

you're too young to drink wine — eres demasiado joven para beber vino

she was the first to arrive — fue la primera en llegar

it's nothing to worry about — no hay por qué preocuparse

she has a lot to do — tiene mucho que hacer

III tuː
adverb ( shut)

I pulled the door to — cerré la puerta

[tʊ, tuː, tǝ]
1. PREPOSITION
When to is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg set to, heave to, look up the phrasal verb. When to is part of a set combination, eg nice to, to my mind, to all appearances, appeal to, look up the other word.
1) (destination) a
Note: a + el = al

it's 90 kilometres to Lima — de aquí a Lima hay 90 kilómetros, hay 90 kilómetros a Lima

a letter to his wife — una carta a su mujer

he fell to the floor — cayó al suelo

to go to Paris/Spain — ir a París/España

to go to Peru — ir al Perú

to go to school/university — ir al colegio/a la Universidad

to go to the doctor's — ir al médico

I liked the exhibition, I went to it twice — me gustó la exposición, fui a verla dos veces

we're going to John's/my parents' for Christmas — vamos a casa de John/mis padres por Navidad

• have you ever been to India? — ¿has estado alguna vez en la India?

• flights to Heathrow — vuelos a or con destino a Heathrow

• the road to Edinburgh — la carretera de Edimburgo
church 1., 2)
2) (=towards) hacia

he walked slowly to the door — caminó despacio hacia la puerta

he turned to me — se giró hacia mí

move it to the left/right — muévelo hacia la izquierda/derecha

3) (=as far as) hasta

from here to London — de aquí a or hasta Londres

I'll see you to the door — te acompaño hasta la puerta

4) (=up to) hasta

to count to ten — contar hasta diez

it's accurate to (within) a millimetre — es exacto hasta el milímetro

to some extent — hasta cierto punto, en cierta medida

we are expecting 40 to 50 people — esperamos entre 40 y 50 personas

• to this day I still don't know what he meant — aún hoy no sé lo que quiso decir

eight years ago to the day — hoy hace exactamente ocho años

• he didn't stay to the end — no se quedó hasta el final

• from Monday to Friday — de lunes a viernes

from morning to night — de la mañana a la noche, desde la mañana hasta la noche

• funds to the value of... — fondos por valor de...
decimal 1.
5) (=located at) a

the door is to the left (of the window) — la puerta está a la izquierda (de la ventana)

the airport is to the west of the city — el aeropuerto está al oeste de la ciudad

6) (=against) contra

he stood with his back to the wall — estaba con la espalda contra la pared

he clasped her to him — la estrechó contra sí

to turn a picture to the wall — volver un cuadro mirando a la pared

7) (when telling time)

it's a quarter to three — son las tres menos cuarto, es or (LAm) falta un cuarto para las tres

at eight minutes to ten — a las diez menos ocho

8) (introducing indirect object) a

to give sth to sb — dar algo a algn

I gave it to my friend — se lo di a mi amigo

the man I sold it to or frm to whom I sold it — el hombre a quien se lo vendí

it belongs to me — me pertenece (a mí), es mío

they were kind to me — fueron amables conmigo

it's new to me — es nuevo para mí

what is that to me? — ¿y a mí qué me importa eso?

"that's strange," I said to myself — -es raro -me dije para mis adentros

9) (in dedications, greetings)

greetings to all our friends! — ¡saludos a todos los amigos!

welcome to you all! — ¡bienvenidos todos!

"to P.R. Lilly" — (in book) "para P.R. Lilly"

here's to you! — ¡va por ti!, ¡por ti!

a monument to the fallen — un monumento a los caídos, un monumento en honor a los caídos

10) (in ratios, proportions) por

there were three men to a cell — había tres hombres por celda

it does 30 miles to the gallon — hace 30 millas por galón

eight apples to the kilo — ocho manzanas por kilo

there are about five pesos to the dollar — son unos cinco pesos por dólar

a scale of 1 centimetre to 1 kilometre — una escala de 1 centímetro por kilómetro

200 people to the square mile — 200 personas por milla cuadrada

the odds are 8 to 1 — las probabilidades son de 8 a 1

the odds against it happening are a million to one — las probabilidades de que eso ocurra son una entre un millón

by a majority of 12 to 10 — por una mayoría de 12 a 10

they won by four goals to two — ganaron por cuatro goles a dos

three to the fourth, three to the power of four — (Math) tres a la cuarta potencia

11) (in comparisons) a

superior to the others — superior a los demás

A is to B as C is to D — A es a B como C es a D

that's nothing to what is to come — eso no es nada en comparación con lo que está por venir

12) (=about, concerning)

what do you say to that? — ¿qué te parece (eso)?

what would you say to a beer? — ¿te parece que tomemos una cerveza?

"to repairing pipes:..." — (on bill) "reparación de las cañerías:..."

13) (=according to) según

to my way of thinking — a mi modo de ver, según mi modo de pensar

14) (=to the accompaniment of)

we danced to the music of the band — bailamos con la música de la orquesta

they came out to the strains of the national anthem — salieron a los compases del himno nacional

it is sung to the tune of "Tipperary" — se canta con la melodía de "Tipperary"

15) (=of, for) de

the key to the front door — la llave de la puerta principal

assistant to the manager — asistente del gerente

he was a good father to the children — fue un buen padre para sus hijos

it offers a solution to your problem — te ofrece una solución para el problema

we've found the solution to the problem — hemos encontrado solución al problema

the British ambassador to Moscow — el embajador británico en Moscú

he has been a good friend to us — ha sido un buen amigo para nosotros

16) (with gerund/noun)

• to look forward to doing sth — tener muchas ganas de hacer algo

I'm really looking forward to the holidays — estoy deseando que lleguen las vacaciones

• to prefer painting to drawing — preferir pintar a dibujar

• to be used to (doing) sth — estar acostumbrado a (hacer) algo

17) (in set expressions)

• to this end — a or con este fin

• to my enormous shame I did nothing — para gran vergüenza mía, no hice nada

• to my great surprise — con gran sorpresa por mi parte, para gran sorpresa mía

2. INFINITIVE PARTICLE

1) (infinitive)

to come — venir

to sing — cantar

to work — trabajar

2) (following another verb)

a)
A preposition may be required with the Spanish infinitive, depending on what precedes it: look up the verb.
• she refused to listen — se negó a escuchar

• to start to cry — empezar or ponerse a llorar

• to try to do sth — tratar de hacer algo, intentar hacer algo

• to want to do sth — querer hacer algo

b) (object as subject of following infinitive)

• I'd advise you to think this over — te aconsejaría que te pensaras bien esto

• he'd like me to give up work — le gustaría que dejase de trabajar

• we'd prefer him to go to university — preferiríamos que fuese a la universidad

• I want you to do it — quiero que lo hagas

c)

I have things to do — tengo cosas que hacer

he has a lot to lose — tiene mucho que perder

there was no one for me to ask, there wasn't anyone for me to ask — no había nadie a quien yo pudiese preguntar

he's not the sort or type to do that — no es de los que hacen eso

• that book is still to be written — ese libro está todavía por escribir

• now is the time to do it — ahora es el momento de hacerlo

• and who is he to criticize? — ¿y quién es él para criticar?

3) (purpose, result) para

he did it to help you — lo hizo para ayudarte

I have done nothing to deserve this — no he hecho nada para merecer esto

it disappeared, never to be seen again — desapareció para siempre

I arrived to find she had gone — cuando llegué me encontré con que se había ido

he came to see you — vino a verte

he's gone to get the paper — ha ido a por el periódico

4) (standing in for verb)
The particle to is not translated when it stands for the infinitive:
we didn't want to sell it but we had to — no queríamos venderlo pero tuvimos que hacerlo or no hubo más remedio

"would you like to come to dinner?" - "I'd love to!" — -¿te gustaría venir a cenar? -¡me encantaría!

you may not want to do it but you ought to for the sake of your education — tal vez no quieres hacerlo pero deberías en aras de tu educación

I don't want to — no quiero

I forgot to — se me olvidó

5) (after adjective)
For combinations like difficult/easy/foolish/ ready/ slow to etc, look up the adjective.
it is very expensive to live in London — resulta muy caro vivir en Londres

it's hard to describe the feeling — es difícil describir la sensación

these dogs are hard to control — estos perros son difíciles de controlar

the first/last to go — el primero/último en irse

he's young to be a grandfather — es joven para ser abuelo

See:

EASY, DIFFICULT, IMPOSSIBLE in easy

6) (in exclamations)

and then to be let down like that! — ¡y para que luego te decepcionen así!

and to think he didn't mean a word of it! — ¡y pensar que nada de lo que dijo era de verdad!

7)

to see him now one would never think that... — al verlo or viéndolo ahora nadie creería que...

3.

ADVERB

to pull the door to — tirar de la puerta para cerrarla, cerrar la puerta tirando

to push the door to — empujar la puerta para cerrarla, cerrar la puerta empujando

* * *

I [tuː], weak form [tə]
preposition

1)

a) ( indicating destination) a

we're going to Paris — vamos a París

I'll drive you to the station — te llevo a la estación

we went to John's — fuimos a casa de John, fuimos a lo de John (RPl), fuimos donde John (esp AmL)

you can wear it to a party/the wedding — puedes ponértelo para una fiesta/la boda

b) ( indicating direction) hacia

move a little to the right — córrete un poco hacia la derecha

he turned to me — se volvió hacia mí

it's pointing to the east — señala al Este

c) ( indicating position) a

to the left/right of something — a la izquierda/derecha de algo

a mile to the south of Milton — una milla al sur de Milton

2) (against, onto)

she clasped him to her — lo estrechó contra ella

they stuck the poster to the wall — pegaron el cartel en la pared

3)

a) ( as far as) hasta

she can count (up) to 100 now — ya sabe contar hasta 100

to a certain extent — hasta cierto punto

a year ago to the day — hace exactamente un año

b) ( until) hasta

I can't stay to the end — no puedo quedarme hasta el final

c) ( indicating range)

there will be 30 to 35 guests — habrá entre 30 y 35 invitados; see also from 4)

4)

a) ( showing indirect object)

who did you send/give it to? — ¿a quién se lo mandaste/diste?

give it to me — dámelo

what did you say to him/them? — ¿qué le/les dijiste?

I'll hand you over to Jane — te paso or (Esp tb) te pongo con Jane

I was singing/talking to myself — estaba cantando/hablando solo

to me, he will always be a hero — para mí, siempre será un héroe

he was very kind/rude to me — fue muy amable/grosero conmigo

b) (in toasts, dedications)

here's to Toby — brindemos por Toby

here's to a Happy New Year — Feliz Año Nuevo!

best wishes to you both — los mejores deseos para ambos

to Paul with love from Jane — para Paul, con cariño de Jane

5) (indicating proportion, relation)

how many ounces are there to the pound? — ¿cuántas onzas hay en una libra?

600 pesos to the US dollar — 600 pesos por dólar

it does 30 miles to the gallon — da or rinde 30 millas por galón, consume 6.75 litros a los or por cada cien kilómetros

Barcelona won by two goals to one — Barcelona ganó por dos (goles) a uno

there's a 10 to 1 chance of... — hay una probabilidad de uno en 10 de...

that's nothing to what followed — eso no es nada comparado or en comparación con lo que vino después

6) ( concerning)

what do you say to that? — ¿qué dices a eso?, ¿qué te parece (eso)?

that's all there is to it — eso es todo

there's nothing to it — es muy simple or sencillo

7)

a) ( in accordance with)

to all appearances — según parece

they are not to my taste — no son de mi gusto

b) ( producing)

to my horror/delight... — para mi horror/alegría...

c) ( indicating purpose)

to this end — con este fin

8) ( indicating belonging) de

the key to the front door — la llave de la puerta principal

the solution to the problem — la solución al or del problema

it has a nice ring/sound to it — suena bien

9) ( telling time) (BrE)

ten to three — las tres menos diez, diez para las tres (AmL exc RPl)

10) ( accompanied by)

we danced to the music — bailamos al compás de la música

they sang it to the tune of `Clementine' — lo cantaron con la melodía de `Clementine'

II [tə]
(in infinitives)

1)

a)

to sing/fear/leave — cantar/temer/partir

I want to dance — quiero bailar

I want them to dance — quiero que bailen

b) ( in order to) para

I do it to save money — lo hago para ahorrar dinero

c) ( indicating result)

he awoke to find her gone — cuando despertó, ella ya se había ido

I walked 5 miles only to be told they weren't home — caminé 5 millas para que me dijeran que no estaban en casa

d) ( without vb)

I'd love to! — me encantaría!

he doesn't want to — no quiere

2) (after adj or n)

it's easy/difficult to do — es fácil/difícil de hacer

you're too young to drink wine — eres demasiado joven para beber vino

she was the first to arrive — fue la primera en llegar

it's nothing to worry about — no hay por qué preocuparse

she has a lot to do — tiene mucho que hacer

III [tuː]
adverb ( shut)

I pulled the door to — cerré la puerta

English-spanish dictionary > to
13 to

1. [tə,tu] preposition
1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) til; ned på

2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) til

3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) indtil

4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) til

5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) på; til

6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) i

7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) i forhold til; mod

8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) til

9) ([tə] used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) at; om at; for at; til at

10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.)
2. [tu:] adverb
1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) i

2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).) til

•

- to and fro

* * *
1. [tə,tu] preposition
1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) til; ned på

2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) til

3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) indtil

4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) til

5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) på; til

6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) i

7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) i forhold til; mod

8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) til

9) ([tə] used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) at; om at; for at; til at

10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.)
2. [tu:] adverb
1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) i

2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).) til

•

- to and fro

English-Danish dictionary > to
14 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
15 e-marketplace

E-com

an Internet-based environment that brings together businessto-business buyers and sellers so that they can trade more efficiently online.

The key benefits for users of an emarketplace are reduced purchasing costs, greater flexibility, saved time, better information, and better collaboration. However, the drawbacks include costs in changing procurement processes, cost of applications, setup, and integration with internal systems, and transaction/subscription fees.

There are three distinct types of emarketplace: independent, in which public environments seek simply to attract buyers and sellers to trade together; consortiumbased, in which sites are set up on an industry-wide basis, typically when a number of key buyers in a particular industry get together; and private, in which emarketplaces are established by a particular organization to manage its purchasing alone.

The ultimate business dictionary > e-marketplace
16 to

I [ forma debole davanti a consonante tə] [ davanti a vocale tʊ] [, forma forte tuː]
particella infinitiva

1) (expressing purpose) per

to do sth. to impress sb. — fare qcs. per impressionare qcn

2) (linking consecutive acts)

he looked up to see... — guardò in su e vide

3) (after superlatives) a

the youngest to do — il più giovane a fare

4) (avoiding repetition of verb)

"did you go?" - "no I promised not to" — "sei andato?" - "no, ho promesso di no o di non farlo"

"are you staying?" - "I'd like to but..." — "resti?" - "vorrei ma..."

5) (following impersonal verb)

it is difficult to do sth. — è difficile fare qcs

6) (expressing wish)

oh to be able to stay in bed! — scherz. che bello se potessi restare a letto!
II [ forma debole davanti a consonante tə] [ davanti a vocale tʊ] [, forma forte tuː]
preposizione

1) (in direction of) a [shops, school etc.]; (with purpose of visiting) da [doctor's, dentist's etc.]

she's gone to Mary's — è andata da Mary

to Paris — a Parigi

to Spain — in Spagna

to town — in città

the road to the village — la strada per il paese

trains to and from — i treni per e da [ place]

2) (facing towards) verso

turned to the wall — girato verso il muro

with his back to them — con le spalle rivolte verso di loro, volgendo loro le spalle

3) (against) contro

holding the letter to his chest — stringendosi la lettera al petto

back to back — schiena contro schiena

4) (up to) fino a

to the end, this day — fino alla fine, fino a oggi

50 to 60 people — dalle 50 alle 60 persone, fra le 50 e le 60 persone

in five to ten minutes — fra cinque-dieci minuti, fra i cinque e i dieci minuti

5) (used as dative) [give, offer] a

give the book to Sophie — dai il libro a Sophie

6) (in attitude to)

be nice to your brother — sii gentile o fai il bravo con tuo fratello

7) (in the opinion of)

to me it's just a minor problem — per me, non è che un problema secondario

8) (in toasts, dedications) a

to prosperity — alla prosperità; (on tombstone)

to our dear mother — alla nostra cara mamma

9) (in accordance with)

is it to your taste? — è di tuo gusto?

to dance to the music — ballare a ritmo o tempo di musica

10) (in relationships, comparisons)

to win by three goals to two — vincere per tre gol a due

perpendicular to the ground — perpendicolare al terreno

next door to the school — di fianco alla scuola

11) (showing accuracy)

three weeks to the day — tre settimane giuste

to scale — in scala

to time — tempestivamente, a tempo (debito)

12) (showing reason)

to invite sb. to dinner — invitare qcn. a cena

to this end — con o per questo fine

13) (belonging to) di

the key to the safe — la chiave della cassaforte

a room to myself — una stanza tutta per me

there's no sense to it — non ha alcun senso

14) (on to) [ tied] a; [ pinned] a [noticeboard etc.]; su [lapel, dress etc.]

15) (showing reaction) con

to his (great) surprise — con sua (grande) sorpresa

••

that's all there is to it — (it's easy) è tutto qua; (not for further discussion) è tutto quello che c'è da dire

there's nothing to it — non c'è niente di difficile

what's it to you? — colloq. che cosa te ne importa?
III [tuː]
avverbio colloq. (closed)

to push the door to — chiudere la porta

* * *
1. [tə,tu] preposition
1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) verso, in, a

2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) a

3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) fino a

4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) a

5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) a, per

6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) in

7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) a

8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) in, con

9) ([tə] used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) di, per

10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) usato in sostituzione di un verbo sottinteso all'infinito)
2. [tu:] adverb
1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) chiuso

2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).) rinvenire; cominciare

•

- to and fro

* * *
I [ forma debole davanti a consonante tə] [ davanti a vocale tʊ] [, forma forte tuː]
particella infinitiva

1) (expressing purpose) per

to do sth. to impress sb. — fare qcs. per impressionare qcn

2) (linking consecutive acts)

he looked up to see... — guardò in su e vide

3) (after superlatives) a

the youngest to do — il più giovane a fare

4) (avoiding repetition of verb)

"did you go?" - "no I promised not to" — "sei andato?" - "no, ho promesso di no o di non farlo"

"are you staying?" - "I'd like to but..." — "resti?" - "vorrei ma..."

5) (following impersonal verb)

it is difficult to do sth. — è difficile fare qcs

6) (expressing wish)

oh to be able to stay in bed! — scherz. che bello se potessi restare a letto!
II [ forma debole davanti a consonante tə] [ davanti a vocale tʊ] [, forma forte tuː]
preposizione

1) (in direction of) a [shops, school etc.]; (with purpose of visiting) da [doctor's, dentist's etc.]

she's gone to Mary's — è andata da Mary

to Paris — a Parigi

to Spain — in Spagna

to town — in città

the road to the village — la strada per il paese

trains to and from — i treni per e da [ place]

2) (facing towards) verso

turned to the wall — girato verso il muro

with his back to them — con le spalle rivolte verso di loro, volgendo loro le spalle

3) (against) contro

holding the letter to his chest — stringendosi la lettera al petto

back to back — schiena contro schiena

4) (up to) fino a

to the end, this day — fino alla fine, fino a oggi

50 to 60 people — dalle 50 alle 60 persone, fra le 50 e le 60 persone

in five to ten minutes — fra cinque-dieci minuti, fra i cinque e i dieci minuti

5) (used as dative) [give, offer] a

give the book to Sophie — dai il libro a Sophie

6) (in attitude to)

be nice to your brother — sii gentile o fai il bravo con tuo fratello

7) (in the opinion of)

to me it's just a minor problem — per me, non è che un problema secondario

8) (in toasts, dedications) a

to prosperity — alla prosperità; (on tombstone)

to our dear mother — alla nostra cara mamma

9) (in accordance with)

is it to your taste? — è di tuo gusto?

to dance to the music — ballare a ritmo o tempo di musica

10) (in relationships, comparisons)

to win by three goals to two — vincere per tre gol a due

perpendicular to the ground — perpendicolare al terreno

next door to the school — di fianco alla scuola

11) (showing accuracy)

three weeks to the day — tre settimane giuste

to scale — in scala

to time — tempestivamente, a tempo (debito)

12) (showing reason)

to invite sb. to dinner — invitare qcn. a cena

to this end — con o per questo fine

13) (belonging to) di

the key to the safe — la chiave della cassaforte

a room to myself — una stanza tutta per me

there's no sense to it — non ha alcun senso

14) (on to) [ tied] a; [ pinned] a [noticeboard etc.]; su [lapel, dress etc.]

15) (showing reaction) con

to his (great) surprise — con sua (grande) sorpresa

••

that's all there is to it — (it's easy) è tutto qua; (not for further discussion) è tutto quello che c'è da dire

there's nothing to it — non c'è niente di difficile

what's it to you? — colloq. che cosa te ne importa?
III [tuː]
avverbio colloq. (closed)

to push the door to — chiudere la porta

English-Italian dictionary > to
17 leave

I li:v past tense, past participle - left; verb
1) (to go away or depart from, often without intending to return: He left the room for a moment; They left at about six o'clock; I have left that job.) irse, marcharse

2) (to go without taking: She left her gloves in the car; He left his children behind when he went to France.) dejar, abandonar

3) (to allow to remain in a particular state or condition: She left the job half-finished.) dejar

4) (to let (a person or a thing) do something without being helped or attended to: I'll leave the meat to cook for a while.) dejar

5) (to allow to remain for someone to do, make etc: Leave that job to the experts!) dejar

6) (to make a gift of in one's will: She left all her property to her son.) dejar

•

- leave alone
- leave out
- left over
II li:v noun
1) (permission to do something, eg to be absent: Have I your leave to go?) permiso

2) ((especially of soldiers, sailors etc) a holiday: He is home on leave at the moment.) permiso

•

- take one's leave of
- take one's leave

leave¹ n permiso

the captain's on leave el capitán está de permiso

leave² vb

1. irse / marchar

what time are you leaving? ¿a qué hora marchas?

2. salir / partir

the bus leaves at four el autobús sale a las cuatro

3. dejar

he left his wife dejó a su mujer

we can leave that until tomorrow eso lo podemos dejar hasta mañana

4. dejar / legar

my father left me a lot of money when he died mi padre me dejó mucho dinero cuando murió

5. dejarse / olvidar

I've left my book at home me he olvidado el libro en casa

to leave alone dejar en paz / no molestar / no tocar

leave me alone! ¡déjame en paz!

El pasado y participio pasado de leave es left; el gerundio se escribe leaving

leave

tr[liːv]

noun

1 (time off) permiso

2 (permission) permiso

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be on leave SMALLMILITARY/SMALL estar de permiso

to go on sick leave tener la baja por enfermedad

to take French leave despedirse a la francesa

to take leave of one's senses perder la razón

to take one's leave of somebody despedirse de alguien

leave of absence excedencia

————————

leave

tr[liːv]

transitive verb (pt & pp left, ger leaving)

1 (go away from) dejar, abandonar; (go out of) salir de

■ she left home when she was 16 se marchó de casa a los 16 años

2 (stop being with) irse de, marcharse de

■ when I left New York cuando me fui de Nueva York

3 (forget) dejarse, olvidar, olvidarse

■ yesterday I left my handbag on the train ayer me dejé el bolso en el tren

4 (allow to remain) dejar

■ let's leave that until tomorrow dejemos eso para mañana

■ please leave the door open por favor, deja la puerta abierta

■ shall I leave him a message? ¿quiere que le dé algún recado?

■ leave the washing up to me deja que yo lave los platos

■ let's leave it at that! ¡dejémoslo así!

5 (cause to remain) dejar

■ the glass left a ring on the table el vaso dejó un cerco en la mesa

6 (be survived by) dejar

7 (bequeath) dejar, legar

8 SMALLMATHEMATICS/SMALL dar

■ two from six leaves four seis menos dos dan cuatro

intransitive verb

1 marcharse, irse, partir

■ I'm leaving in five minutes me voy dentro de cinco minutos

■ he left for Rome this morning esta mañana salió hacia Roma

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

leave it out! SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL slang ¡venga ya!, ¡déjalo ya!

to leave behind dejar atrás

to leave go of something / hold of something soltar algo

to leave somebody alone / leave somebody be dejar a alguien en paz

to leave somebody cold dejar frío,-a a alguien, dejar indiferente a alguien

to leave somebody to themself / leave somebody to their own devices dejar que alguien se las apañe solo,-a

to leave something about dejar algo tirado

to leave standing (in race) dejar clavado,-a

to leave well enough alone dejar las cosas tal como están

leave ['li:v] v, left ['lɛft] ; leaving vt

1) bequeath: dejar, legar

2) depart: dejar, salir(se) de

3) abandon: abandonar, dejar

4) forget: dejar, olvidarse de

I left the books at the library: dejé los libros en la biblioteca

5)

to be left : quedar

it's all I have left: es todo lo que me queda

6)

to be left over : sobrar

7)

to leave out : omitir, excluir

leave vi

: irse, salir, partir, marcharse

she left yesterday morning: se fue ayer por la mañana

leave n

1) permission: permiso m

by your leave: con su permiso

2) or leave of absence : permiso m, licencia f

maternity leave: licencia por maternidad

3)

to take one's leave : despedirse

leave

n.

• despedida s.f.

• despedido s.m.

• excedencia s.f.

• excedente s.m.

• licencia s.f.

• permiso s.m.

• vacaciones s.f.pl.

• venia s.f.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: left) = abandonar v.

• ceder v.

• dejar v.

• desalojar v.

• ir v.

(§pres: voy, vas...), subj: vay-, imp: ib-, pret: fu-•)

• irse v.

• legar v.

• marchar v.

• marcharse v.

• salir v.

(§pres: salgo, sales...) fut/c: saldr-•)

• salir de v.

liːv
I

noun

1) u c ( authorized absence) permiso m, licencia f (esp AmL); ( Mil) licencia f, permiso m

one year's leave of absence — un año de permiso or (esp AmL) de licencia or (Esp) de excedencia

to be/go on leave — estar*/salir* de permiso or (esp AmL) de licencia

2) u ( permission) (frml) permiso m

without so much as a by your leave — (colloq) sin ni siquiera pedir permiso

3) u ( departure) (frml)

to take leave of somebody — despedirse* de alguien

have you taken leave of your senses? — ¿te has vuelto loco?

II
1.

(past & past p left) transitive verb

1)

a) ( go away from)

she leaves home/the office at 6 — sale de casa/de la oficina a las 6

I left her reading a book — la dejé leyendo un libro

may I leave the table? — ¿puedo levantarme de la mesa?

what are you going to do when you leave school? — ¿qué vas a hacer cuando termines el colegio?

he left school at 16 — dejó or abandonó los estudios a los 16 años

she left home at the age of 17 — se fue de casa a los 17 años

b) ( withdraw from) \<\<profession/organization/politics\>\> dejar

to leave something FOR something — dejar algo por algo

2) ( abandon) dejar

she left her husband for another man — dejó a su marido por otro (hombre)

he was left for dead — lo dieron por muerto

they left him to die in the desert — lo abandonaron a su suerte en el desierto

3)

a) ( deposit in specified place) dejar

leave your key at the desk — deje la llave en recepción

to leave something FOR somebody — dejarle algo a alguien

b) ( not take - deliberately) dejar; (- inadvertently) olvidarse de, dejarse

c) ( not eat) \<\<food\>\> dejar

4) (allow, cause to remain) dejar

please leave the window open — por favor dejen la ventana abierta

she left her meal untouched — no probó la comida

some things are better left unsaid — es mejor callar or no decir ciertas cosas

let's leave it at that — dejémoslo así

5) ( have as aftereffect) \<\<stain/scar\>\> dejar

the hurricane left a trail of devastation — el huracán dejó la mayor desolación a su paso

6)

a) (not attend to, postpone) dejar

leave the dishes for later — deja los platos para más tarde

b) ( not disturb or interfere) dejar

leave me alone/in peace! — déjame tranquilo/en paz!

I was about to start cooking - I'll leave you to it, then — iba a ponerme a cocinar - bueno, pues te dejo

to leave something/somebody to + INF — dejar algo/a alguien + inf or que (+ subj)

leave her to finish on her own — déjala terminar or que termine sola; alone I b)

7)

a) ( entrust)

to leave something TO somebody/something: leave it to me! déjalo por mi cuenta!; we must leave nothing to chance — no debemos dejar nada (librado) al azar

b) (allow, cause somebody to do) dejar

the teacher left us with a lot to do — el profesor nos dejó mucho trabajo

to leave somebody to + INF — dejar que alguien (+ subj)

he left his secretary to make the arrangements — dejó que su secretaria hiciera los preparativos

8)

a) ( Math)

6 from 10 leaves 4 — si a 10 le quitamos 6, quedan 4

b) (after deduction, elimination)

that only leaves you and me — con eso sólo quedamos tú y yo

there isn't much time left — no queda mucho tiempo

c) ( make available) dejar

leave a space — deja un espacio

there's nothing left for it but to give in — no queda más remedio que ceder

9)

a) ( bequeath)

to leave something TO somebody/something — \<\<money/property\>\> dejar(le) algo a alguien/algo

b) ( after bereavement) dejar

he leaves a wife and two sons — deja esposa y dos hijos

2.

vi irse*, marcharse (esp Esp)

the train leaves at 5 o'clock — el tren sale a las 5 en punto

he's already left for the airport — ya ha salido para el aeropuerto

Phrasal Verbs:

- leave aside

- leave behind

- leave in

- leave off

- leave on

- leave out

- leave over

[liːv] (vb: pt, pp left)
1. N

1) frm (=permission) permiso m

• to ask leave to do sth — pedir permiso para hacer algo

• by your leave — † con permiso de usted

without so much as a "by your leave" — sin pedir permiso a nadie

• I take leave to doubt it — me permito dudarlo

2) (=permission to be absent) permiso m ; (Mil) (brief) permiso m ; (lengthy, compassionate) licencia f

• leave of absence — permiso m para ausentarse

• to be on leave — estar de permiso or (S. Cone) licenciado

3) (=departure)

to take (one's) leave (of sb) — despedirse (de algn)

• to take leave of one's senses — perder el juicio

have you taken leave of your senses? — ¿te has vuelto loco?

2. VT

1) (=go away from) dejar, marcharse de; [+ room] salir de, abandonar; [+ hospital] salir de; [+ person] abandonar, dejar

I'll leave you at the station — te dejo en la estación

I must leave you — tengo que despedirme or marcharme

you may leave us — frm puede retirarse frm

• she leaves home at 8am — sale de casa a las ocho

he left home when he was 18 — se fue de casa a los 18 años

• to leave one's post — (improperly) abandonar su puesto

• to leave the rails — descarrilar, salirse de las vías

• the car left the road — el coche se salió de la carretera

• to leave school — (=finish studies) terminar el colegio

• to leave the table — levantarse de la mesa

• he has left his wife — ha dejado or abandonado a su mujer

2) (=forget) dejar, olvidar

3) (=bequeath) dejar, legar

4) (=allow to remain) dejar

to leave two pages blank — dejar dos páginas en blanco

to leave things lying about — dejar las cosas de cualquier modo

• it's best to leave him alone — es mejor dejarlo solo

to leave sb alone or in peace — dejar a algn en paz

• let's leave it at that — dejémoslo así, ¡ya está bien (así)!

• this left me free for the afternoon — eso me dejó la tarde libre

• to leave one's greens — no comer las verduras

• to leave a good impression on sb — producir a algn una buena impresión

• it leaves much to be desired — deja mucho que desear

• to leave one's supper — dejar la cena sin comer

• take it or leave it — lo tomas o lo dejas

• leave it to me! — ¡yo me encargo!, ¡tú, déjamelo a mí!

I'll leave it up to you — lo dejo a tu criterio

I leave it to you to judge — júzguelo usted

• he leaves a wife and a child — le sobreviven su viuda y un hijo, deja mujer y un hijo

• to leave sth with sb — dejar algo en manos de algn, entregar algo a algn

I left the children with my mother — dejé los niños con mi madre

leave it with me — yo me encargaré del asunto

5)

• to be left — (=remain) quedar

there's nothing left — no queda nada

how many are (there) left? — ¿cuántos quedan?

we were left with four — quedamos con cuatro, nos quedaron cuatro

nothing was left for me but to sell it — no tuve más remedio que venderlo

there are three left over — sobran tres

• all the money I have left — todo el dinero que me queda

6) (Math)

three from ten leaves seven — diez menos tres son siete, de tres a diez van siete

3.

VI (go out) salir; (go away) [person] irse, marcharse, partir; [train, bus] salir

the train is leaving in ten minutes — el tren sale dentro de diez minutos

- leave about

- leave aside

- leave behind

- leave in

- leave off

- leave on

- leave out

- leave over

* * *
[liːv]
I

noun

1) u c ( authorized absence) permiso m, licencia f (esp AmL); ( Mil) licencia f, permiso m

one year's leave of absence — un año de permiso or (esp AmL) de licencia or (Esp) de excedencia

to be/go on leave — estar*/salir* de permiso or (esp AmL) de licencia

2) u ( permission) (frml) permiso m

without so much as a by your leave — (colloq) sin ni siquiera pedir permiso

3) u ( departure) (frml)

to take leave of somebody — despedirse* de alguien

have you taken leave of your senses? — ¿te has vuelto loco?

II
1.

(past & past p left) transitive verb

1)

a) ( go away from)

she leaves home/the office at 6 — sale de casa/de la oficina a las 6

I left her reading a book — la dejé leyendo un libro

may I leave the table? — ¿puedo levantarme de la mesa?

what are you going to do when you leave school? — ¿qué vas a hacer cuando termines el colegio?

he left school at 16 — dejó or abandonó los estudios a los 16 años

she left home at the age of 17 — se fue de casa a los 17 años

b) ( withdraw from) \<\<profession/organization/politics\>\> dejar

to leave something FOR something — dejar algo por algo

2) ( abandon) dejar

she left her husband for another man — dejó a su marido por otro (hombre)

he was left for dead — lo dieron por muerto

they left him to die in the desert — lo abandonaron a su suerte en el desierto

3)

a) ( deposit in specified place) dejar

leave your key at the desk — deje la llave en recepción

to leave something FOR somebody — dejarle algo a alguien

b) ( not take - deliberately) dejar; (- inadvertently) olvidarse de, dejarse

c) ( not eat) \<\<food\>\> dejar

4) (allow, cause to remain) dejar

please leave the window open — por favor dejen la ventana abierta

she left her meal untouched — no probó la comida

some things are better left unsaid — es mejor callar or no decir ciertas cosas

let's leave it at that — dejémoslo así

5) ( have as aftereffect) \<\<stain/scar\>\> dejar

the hurricane left a trail of devastation — el huracán dejó la mayor desolación a su paso

6)

a) (not attend to, postpone) dejar

leave the dishes for later — deja los platos para más tarde

b) ( not disturb or interfere) dejar

leave me alone/in peace! — déjame tranquilo/en paz!

I was about to start cooking - I'll leave you to it, then — iba a ponerme a cocinar - bueno, pues te dejo

to leave something/somebody to + INF — dejar algo/a alguien + inf or que (+ subj)

leave her to finish on her own — déjala terminar or que termine sola; alone I b)

7)

a) ( entrust)

to leave something TO somebody/something: leave it to me! déjalo por mi cuenta!; we must leave nothing to chance — no debemos dejar nada (librado) al azar

b) (allow, cause somebody to do) dejar

the teacher left us with a lot to do — el profesor nos dejó mucho trabajo

to leave somebody to + INF — dejar que alguien (+ subj)

he left his secretary to make the arrangements — dejó que su secretaria hiciera los preparativos

8)

a) ( Math)

6 from 10 leaves 4 — si a 10 le quitamos 6, quedan 4

b) (after deduction, elimination)

that only leaves you and me — con eso sólo quedamos tú y yo

there isn't much time left — no queda mucho tiempo

c) ( make available) dejar

leave a space — deja un espacio

there's nothing left for it but to give in — no queda más remedio que ceder

9)

a) ( bequeath)

to leave something TO somebody/something — \<\<money/property\>\> dejar(le) algo a alguien/algo

b) ( after bereavement) dejar

he leaves a wife and two sons — deja esposa y dos hijos

2.

vi irse*, marcharse (esp Esp)

the train leaves at 5 o'clock — el tren sale a las 5 en punto

he's already left for the airport — ya ha salido para el aeropuerto

Phrasal Verbs:

- leave aside

- leave behind

- leave in

- leave off

- leave on

- leave out

- leave over

English-spanish dictionary > leave
18 strike

1. past tense - struck; verb
1) (to hit, knock or give a blow to: He struck me in the face with his fist; Why did you strike him?; The stone struck me a blow on the side of the head; His head struck the table as he fell; The tower of the church was struck by lightning.) pegar, golpear

2) (to attack: The enemy troops struck at dawn; We must prevent the disease striking again.) atacar

3) (to produce (sparks or a flame) by rubbing: He struck a match/light; He struck sparks from the stone with his knife.) encender

4) ((of workers) to stop work as a protest, or in order to force employers to give better pay: The men decided to strike for higher wages.) hacer huelga

5) (to discover or find: After months of prospecting they finally struck gold/oil; If we walk in this direction we may strike the right path.) encontrar

6) (to (make something) sound: He struck a note on the piano/violin; The clock struck twelve.) sonar, hacer sonar, tocar

7) (to impress, or give a particular impression to (a person): I was struck by the resemblance between the two men; How does the plan strike you?; It / The thought struck me that she had come to borrow money.) parecer, dar la impresión

8) (to mint or manufacture (a coin, medal etc).) acuñar

9) (to go in a certain direction: He left the path and struck (off) across the fields.) seguir (por)

10) (to lower or take down (tents, flags etc).) desmontar

2. noun
1) (an act of striking: a miners' strike.) huelga

2) (a discovery of oil, gold etc: He made a lucky strike.) hallazgo, descubrimiento

•

- striker
- striking
- strikingly
- be out on strike
- be on strike
- call a strike
- come out on strike
- come
- be within striking distance of
- strike at
- strike an attitude/pose
- strike a balance
- strike a bargain/agreement
- strike a blow for
- strike down
- strike dumb
- strike fear/terror into
- strike home
- strike it rich
- strike lucky
- strike out
- strike up

strike¹ n huelga

to be on strike estar en huelga

to go on strike declararse en huelga

strike² vb

1. dar / pegar

he struck me across the face me pegó en la cara

2. hacer huelga

the miners have voted to strike los mineros han votado para hacer huelga

3. parecer

she strikes me as very nice me parece muy simpática

4. dar

the church clock struck twelve el reloj de la iglesia dio las doce

El pasado y participio pasado de strike es struck; el gerundio se escribe striking

strike

tr[straɪk]

noun

1 (by workers, students, etc) huelga

2 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (blow - gen) golpe nombre masculino; (- in tenpin bowling) pleno; (- in baseball) strike nombre masculino

3 (find) hallazgo; (of oil, gold, etc) descubrimiento

4 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL ataque nombre masculino

■ air strike ataque aéreo

transitive verb (pt & pp struck tr[strʌk])

1 (hit) pegar, golpear

■ he struck her with the back of his hand le pegó con el dorso de la mano

■ I struck the ball as hard as I could golpeé la pelota con todas mis fuerzas

2 (knock against, collide with) dar contra, chocar contra; (ball, stone) pegar contra, dar contra; (lightning, bullet, torpedo) alcanzar

■ he was struck on the head by a rock una roca le dio en la cabeza

■ she struck her head against the low ceiling dio con la cabeza contra el techo bajo

■ the tree was struck by lightning el árbol fue alcanzado por un rayo

3 (disaster, earthquake) golpear, sobrevenir; (disease) atacar, golpear

■ the town has been struck by tragedy el pueblo ha sido golpeado por la tragedia

4 (gold, oil) descubrir, encontrar, dar con; (track, path) dar con

5 (coin, medal) acuñar

6 (match) encender

7 (of clock) dar, tocar

■ the clock struck one el reloj dio la una

8 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (note) dar; (chord) tocar

9 (bargain, deal) cerrar, hacer; (balance) encontrar, hallar; (agreement) llegar a

■ he struck a bargain with the owner hizo un trato con el propietario

■ they've managed to strike a balance han logrado encontrar un punto medio

10 (pose, attitude) adoptar

11 (give impression) parecer, dar la impresión de

■ Michael strikes me as a very sensible young man Michael me parece un joven muy sensato

■ it struck me as strange that... me pareció muy extraño que...

12 (occur to) ocurrírsele a; (remember) acordarse de

■ a terrible thought struck me se me ocurrió algo terrible

■ it suddenly struck her that it was their anniversary de repente se acordó de que era su aniversario

13 (render) dejar

■ he was struck dumb se quedó mudo

14 (cause fear, terror, worry) infundir

■ the scream struck terror into them el grito les infundió terror

15 (take down - sail, flag) arriar; (- tent, set) desmontar

16 (cutting) plantar

intransitive verb

1 (attack - troops, animal, etc) atacar; (- disaster, misfortune) sobrevenir, ocurrir; (- disease) atacar, golpear; (- lightning) alcanzar, caer

■ the killer has struck again el asesino ha vuelto a atacar

■ then disaster struck entonces sobrevino el desastre

2 (workers etc) declararse en huelga, hacer huelga

■ the air-traffic controllers threatened to strike los controladores aéreos amenazaron con hacer huelga

■ they struck for more pay hicieron huelga por un aumento de sueldo

3 (clock) dar la hora

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

strike a light! ¡caray!

to be on strike estar en huelga

to call a strike convocar una huelga

to go on strike declararse en huelga

to strike a chord sonarle a uno

to strike a chord with somebody estar en sintonía con alguien

to strike a note of something expresar algo

to strike at the heart of something dar con el meollo de algo

to strike camp levantar el campamento

to strike (it) lucky tener suerte

to strike the eye saltar a la vista

to strike out on one's own (become independent) volar con sus propias alas 2 (set up own business) ponerse a trabajar por su propia cuenta

to strike it rich hacerse rico,-a

to strike while the iron's hot actuar de inmediato

within striking distance a un paso

general strike huelga general

lucky strike golpe nombre masculino de suerte

sit-down strike sentada

strike fund caja de resistencia

strike pay subsidio de huelga

strike ['straɪk] v, struck ['strʌk] ; struck ; striking vt

1) hit: golpear (a una persona)

to strike a blow: pegar un golpe

2) delete: suprimir, tachar

3) coin, mint: acuñar (monedas)

4) : dar (la hora)

5) afflict: sobrevenir

he was stricken with a fever: le sobrevino una fiebre

6) impress: impresionar, parecer

her voice struck me: su voz me impresionó

it struck him as funny: le pareció chistoso

7) : encender (un fósforo)

8) find: descubrir (oro, petróleo)

9) adopt: adoptar (una pose, etc.)

strike vi

1) hit: golpear

to strike against: chocar contra

2) attack: atacar

3) : declararse en huelga

strike n

1) blow: golpe m

2) : huelga f, paro m

to be on strike: estar en huelga

3) attack: ataque m

strike

n.

• cerradero s.m.

• descubrimiento repentino s.m.

• golpe s.m.

• huelga s.f.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: struck) or p.p.: stricken•) = batir v.

• cascar v.

• chocar v.

• chocar con v.

• dar con v.

• embestir v.

• golpear v.

• pegar v.

• percutir v.

• pulsar v.

• tropezar v.

• varear v.

I
1. straɪk
(past & past p struck) transitive verb

1)

a) ( hit) \<\<person\>\> pegarle* a, golpear; \<\<blow\>\> dar*, pegar*; \<\<key\>\> pulsar

to strike somebody a blow — darle* un golpe a alguien, golpear a alguien

b) (collide with, fall on) \<\<vehicle\>\> chocar* or dar* contra; \<\<stone/ball\>\> pegar* or dar* contra; \<\<lightning/bullet\>\> alcanzar*

I struck my head on the beam — me di (un golpe) en la cabeza contra la viga

the tree was struck by lightning — el árbol fue alcanzado por un rayo

2)

a) ( cause to become)

to strike somebody blind/dumb — dejar ciego/mudo a alguien

I was struck dumb when I saw what she'd done — me quedé muda or sin habla cuando vi lo que había hecho

to strike somebody dead — matar a alguien

b) ( introduce)

to strike fear/terror into somebody — infundirle miedo/terror a alguien

3)

a) ( occur to) ocurrirse (+ me/te/le etc)

an awful thought struck me — se me ocurrió algo terrible

it strikes me (that)... — me da la impresión de que..., se me ocurre que...

b) ( impress) parecerle* a

how did she strike you? — ¿qué impresión te causó?

it strikes me as odd — me parece raro

I was struck by his changed appearance — me llamó la atención lo cambiado que estaba

4) \<\<oil/gold\>\> encontrar*, dar* con

to strike it lucky — tener* un golpe de suerte

to strike it rich — hacer* fortuna

5)

a) \<\<match/light\>\> encender*

b) \<\<coin/medal\>\> acuñar

6)

a) ( Mus) \<\<note\>\> dar*; \<\<chord\>\> tocar*

b) \<\<clock\>\> dar*

the clock struck the hour/five (o'clock) — el reloj dio la hora/las cinco

7) (enter into, arrive at)

to strike a deal — llegar* a un acuerdo, cerrar* un trato

to strike a balance between... — encontrar* el justo equilibrio entre...

8) ( adopt) \<\<pose/attitude\>\> adoptar

9) ( take down) \<\<sail/flag\>\> arriar*; \<\<tent\>\> desmontar

to strike camp — levantar el campamento

10) ( delete) suprimir

his name was struck off the register — se borró su nombre del registro; see also strike off

2.

vi

1) ( hit) \<\<person\>\> golpear, asestar un golpe; \<\<lightning\>\> caer*

lightning never strikes in the same place twice — los rayos nunca caen dos veces en el mismo sitio

(to be) within striking distance (of something) — (estar*) a un paso (de algo)

to strike lucky — (BrE) tener* un golpe de suerte

2)

a) ( attack) \<\<bombers/commandos\>\> atacar*; \<\<snake/tiger\>\> atacar*, caer* sobre su presa

to strike AT something/somebody — atacar* algo/a alguien

b) ( happen suddenly) \<\<illness/misfortune\>\> sobrevenir*; \<\<disaster\>\> ocurrir

3) ( withdraw labor) hacer* huelga, declararse en huelga or (esp AmL) en paro

to strike for higher pay — hacer* huelga or (esp AmL) hacer* un paro por reivindicaciones salariales

4) \<\<clock\>\> dar* la hora

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- strike back

- strike down

- strike home

- strike off

- strike on

- strike out

- strike through

- strike up

- strike upon

II

noun

1) ( stoppage) huelga f, paro m (esp AmL)

to be on strike — estar* en or de huelga, estar* en or de paro (esp AmL)

to come out o go (out) on strike — ir* a la huelga, declararse en huelga, ir* al paro (esp AmL), declararse en paro (esp AmL)

hunger strike — huelga de hambre; (before n)

to take strike action — ir* a la huelga

strike fund — fondo m de resistencia

strike pay — subsidio m de huelga or (esp AmL) de paro

2) ( find) descubrimiento m

a lucky strike — (colloq) un golpe de suerte

3) ( attack) ataque m

4) ( Sport)

a) ( in bowling) pleno m, chuza f (Méx)

b) ( in baseball) strike m

[straɪk] (vb: pt, pp struck)
1. N

1) (by workers) huelga f, paro m

to be on strike — estar en huelga

to come out or go on strike — declarar la huelga; see hunger 3.

2) (=discovery) [of oil, gold] descubrimiento m

a big oil strike — un descubrimiento de petróleo en gran cantidad

• to make a strike — hacer un descubrimiento

3) (Baseball) golpe m ; (Bowling) strike m

• you have two strikes against you — (esp US) (fig) tienes dos cosas en contra

• three strikes and you're out — (US) (Jur) pena de cadena perpetua tras el tercer delito grave

4) (Mil) ataque m ; (=air strike) ataque m aéreo, bombardeo m

2. VT

1) (=hit) golpear; (with fist etc) pegar, dar una bofetada a; (with bullet etc) alcanzar; [+ ball] golpear; [+ chord, note] tocar; [+ instrument] herir, pulsar

never strike a woman — no pegar nunca a una mujer

the president was struck by two bullets — dos balas alcanzaron al presidente

• to strike sb a blow, strike a blow at sb — pegar or dar un golpe a algn, pegar a algn

• to strike one's fist on the table, strike the table with one's fist — golpear la mesa con el puño

• the clock struck the hour — el reloj dio la hora

• to be struck by lightning — ser alcanzado por un rayo

the tower was struck by lightning — la torre fue alcanzada por un rayo, cayó un rayo en la torre

- strike a blow for sth

- strike a blow against sth

- that strikes a chord!

2) (=collide with) [+ rocks, landmine etc] chocar con, chocar contra; [+ difficulty, obstacle] encontrar, dar con, tropezar con

the ship struck an iceberg — el buque chocó con or contra un iceberg

his head struck the beam, he struck his head on the beam — dio con la cabeza contra or en la viga

the light strikes the window — la luz hiere la ventana

disaster struck us — el desastre nos vino encima

• a sound struck my ear — liter un ruido hirió mi oído

• what strikes the eye is the poverty — lo que más llama la atención es la pobreza

• a ghastly sight struck our eyes — se nos presentó un panorama horroroso

3) (=produce, make) [+ coin, medal] acuñar; [+ a light, match] encender, prender (LAm)

• to strike root — (Bot) echar raíces, arraigar

• to strike sparks from sth — hacer que algo eche chispas

• to strike terror into sb's heart — infundir terror a algn

4) (=appear to, occur to)

it strikes me as being most unlikely — me parece poco factible, se me hace poco probable (LAm)

• how did it strike you? — ¿qué te pareció?, ¿qué impresión te causó?

at least that's how it strikes me — por lo menos eso es lo que pienso yo

• it strikes me that..., the thought strikes me that... — se me ocurre que...

has it ever struck you that...? — ¿has pensado alguna vez que...?

5) (=impress)

I was much struck by his sincerity — su sinceridad me impresionó mucho

I'm not much struck (with him) — no me llama la atención, no me impresiona mucho

6) (=find) [+ gold, oil] descubrir

- strike gold

- strike it lucky

- he struck it rich

7) (=arrive at, achieve) [+ agreement] alcanzar, llegar a

• to strike an average — sacar el promedio

• to strike a balance — encontrar el equilibrio

• to strike a bargain — cerrar un trato

• to strike a deal — alcanzar un acuerdo, llegar a un acuerdo; (Comm) cerrar un trato

8) (=assume, adopt)

to strike an attitude — adoptar una actitud

9) (=cause to become)

• to strike sb blind — cegar a algn

• to strike sb dead — matar a algn

may I be struck dead if... — que me maten si...

• to be struck dumb — quedarse sin habla

10) (=take down)

• to strike camp — levantar el campamento

• to strike the flag — arriar la bandera

11) (=remove, cross out) suprimir ( from de)

3. VI

1) (Mil etc) (=attack) atacar; [disaster] sobrevenir; [disease] golpear; [snake etc] morder, atacar

now is the time to strike — este es el momento en que conviene atacar

when panic strikes — cuando cunde el pánico, cuando se extiende el pánico

• to strike against sth — dar con algo, dar contra algo, chocar contra algo

• to strike at sb — (with fist) tratar de golpear a algn; (Mil) atacar a algn

we must strike at the root of this evil — debemos atacar la raíz de este mal, debemos cortar este mal de raíz

this strikes at our very existence — esto amenaza nuestra existencia misma

• to be within striking distance of — [+ place] estar a poca distancia or a un paso de

he had come within striking distance of the presidency — estuvo muy cerca de ocupar la presidencia; see home 1., 2); see iron 1., 1)

2) [workers] declarar la huelga, declararse en huelga

to strike for higher wages — hacer una huelga para conseguir un aumento de los sueldos

3) [clock] dar la hora

the clock has struck — ha dado la hora ya

4) [match] encenderse

5)

- strike lucky

6) (=move, go)

• to strike across country — ir a campo traviesa

• to strike into the woods — ir por el bosque, penetrar en el bosque

7) (Naut) (=run aground) encallar, embarrancar

8) (esp Naut) (=surrender) arriar la bandera

9) (Bot) echar raíces, arraigar

4.

CPD

strike ballot N — votación f a huelga

strike committee N — comité m de huelga

strike force N — fuerza f de asalto, fuerza f de choque

strike fund N — fondo m de huelga

strike pay N — subsidio m de huelga

strike vote N — = strike ballot

- strike back

- strike down

- strike off

- strike on

- strike out

- strike through

- strike up

- strike upon

* * *

I
1. [straɪk]
(past & past p struck) transitive verb

1)

a) ( hit) \<\<person\>\> pegarle* a, golpear; \<\<blow\>\> dar*, pegar*; \<\<key\>\> pulsar

to strike somebody a blow — darle* un golpe a alguien, golpear a alguien

b) (collide with, fall on) \<\<vehicle\>\> chocar* or dar* contra; \<\<stone/ball\>\> pegar* or dar* contra; \<\<lightning/bullet\>\> alcanzar*

I struck my head on the beam — me di (un golpe) en la cabeza contra la viga

the tree was struck by lightning — el árbol fue alcanzado por un rayo

2)

a) ( cause to become)

to strike somebody blind/dumb — dejar ciego/mudo a alguien

I was struck dumb when I saw what she'd done — me quedé muda or sin habla cuando vi lo que había hecho

to strike somebody dead — matar a alguien

b) ( introduce)

to strike fear/terror into somebody — infundirle miedo/terror a alguien

3)

a) ( occur to) ocurrirse (+ me/te/le etc)

an awful thought struck me — se me ocurrió algo terrible

it strikes me (that)... — me da la impresión de que..., se me ocurre que...

b) ( impress) parecerle* a

how did she strike you? — ¿qué impresión te causó?

it strikes me as odd — me parece raro

I was struck by his changed appearance — me llamó la atención lo cambiado que estaba

4) \<\<oil/gold\>\> encontrar*, dar* con

to strike it lucky — tener* un golpe de suerte

to strike it rich — hacer* fortuna

5)

a) \<\<match/light\>\> encender*

b) \<\<coin/medal\>\> acuñar

6)

a) ( Mus) \<\<note\>\> dar*; \<\<chord\>\> tocar*

b) \<\<clock\>\> dar*

the clock struck the hour/five (o'clock) — el reloj dio la hora/las cinco

7) (enter into, arrive at)

to strike a deal — llegar* a un acuerdo, cerrar* un trato

to strike a balance between... — encontrar* el justo equilibrio entre...

8) ( adopt) \<\<pose/attitude\>\> adoptar

9) ( take down) \<\<sail/flag\>\> arriar*; \<\<tent\>\> desmontar

to strike camp — levantar el campamento

10) ( delete) suprimir

his name was struck off the register — se borró su nombre del registro; see also strike off

2.

vi

1) ( hit) \<\<person\>\> golpear, asestar un golpe; \<\<lightning\>\> caer*

lightning never strikes in the same place twice — los rayos nunca caen dos veces en el mismo sitio

(to be) within striking distance (of something) — (estar*) a un paso (de algo)

to strike lucky — (BrE) tener* un golpe de suerte

2)

a) ( attack) \<\<bombers/commandos\>\> atacar*; \<\<snake/tiger\>\> atacar*, caer* sobre su presa

to strike AT something/somebody — atacar* algo/a alguien

b) ( happen suddenly) \<\<illness/misfortune\>\> sobrevenir*; \<\<disaster\>\> ocurrir

3) ( withdraw labor) hacer* huelga, declararse en huelga or (esp AmL) en paro

to strike for higher pay — hacer* huelga or (esp AmL) hacer* un paro por reivindicaciones salariales

4) \<\<clock\>\> dar* la hora

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- strike back

- strike down

- strike home

- strike off

- strike on

- strike out

- strike through

- strike up

- strike upon

II

noun

1) ( stoppage) huelga f, paro m (esp AmL)

to be on strike — estar* en or de huelga, estar* en or de paro (esp AmL)

to come out o go (out) on strike — ir* a la huelga, declararse en huelga, ir* al paro (esp AmL), declararse en paro (esp AmL)

hunger strike — huelga de hambre; (before n)

to take strike action — ir* a la huelga

strike fund — fondo m de resistencia

strike pay — subsidio m de huelga or (esp AmL) de paro

2) ( find) descubrimiento m

a lucky strike — (colloq) un golpe de suerte

3) ( attack) ataque m

4) ( Sport)

a) ( in bowling) pleno m, chuza f (Méx)

b) ( in baseball) strike m

English-spanish dictionary > strike
19 high

1. adjective
1) hoch [Berg, Gebäude, Mauer]

2) (above normal level) hoch [Stiefel]

the river/water is high — der Fluss/das Wasser steht hoch

be left high and dry — (fig.) auf dem trock[e]nen sitzen (ugs.)

3) (far above ground or sea level) hoch [Gipfel, Punkt]; groß [Höhe]

4) (to or from far above the ground) hoch [Aufstieg, Sprung]

high diving — Turmspringen, das; see also academic.ru/5412/bar">bar 1. 2)

5) (of exalted rank) hoch [Beamter, Amt, Gericht]

a higher court — eine höhere Instanz

high and mighty — (coll.): (highhanded) selbstherrlich; (coll.): (superior) hochnäsig (ugs.)

be born or destined for higher things — zu Höherem geboren od. bestimmt sein

those in high places — die Oberen

6) (great in degree) hoch; groß [Gefallen, Bedeutung]; stark [Wind]

be held in high regard/esteem — hohes Ansehen/hohe Wertschätzung genießen

high blood pressure — Bluthochdruck, der

have a high opinion of somebody/something — eine hohe Meinung von jemandem/etwas haben (geh.); viel von jemandem/etwas halten

7) (noble, virtuous) hoch [Ideal, Ziel, Prinzip, Berufung]; edel [Charakter]

of high birth — von hoher Geburt (geh.)

8) (of time, season)

it is high time you left — es ist od. wird höchste Zeit, dass du gehst

high noon — Mittag

high summer — Hochsommer, der

9) (luxurious, extravagant) üppig [Leben]

10) (enjoyable)

have a high [old] time — sich bestens amüsieren

11) (coll.): (on a drug) high nicht attr. (ugs.) (on von)

get high on — sich anturnen mit (ugs.) [Haschisch, LSD usw.]

12) (in pitch) hoch [Ton, Stimme, Lage, Klang usw.]

13) (slightly decomposed) angegangen (landsch.) [Fleisch]

14) (Cards) hoch

ace is high — As ist hoch
2. adverb
1) (in or to a high position) hoch

high on our list of priorities — weit oben auf unserer Prioritätenliste

search or hunt or look high and low — überall suchen

2) (to a high level) hoch

prices have gone too high — die Preise sind zu stark gestiegen

I'll go as high as two thousand pounds — ich gehe bis zweitausend Pfund
3. noun
1) (highest level/figure) Höchststand, der; see also all-time

2) (high position)

on high — hoch oben od. (geh., südd., österr.) droben; (in heaven) im Himmel

3) (Meteorol.) Hoch, das

* * *
1. adjective
1) (at, from, or reaching up to, a great distance from ground-level, sea-level etc: a high mountain; a high dive; a dive from the high diving-board.) hoch

2) (having a particular height: This building is about 20 metres high; My horse is fifteen hands high.) hoch

3) (great; large; considerable: The car was travelling at high speed; He has a high opinion of her work; They charge high prices; high hopes; The child has a high fever/temperature.) hoch

4) (most important; very important: the high altar in a church; Important criminal trials are held at the High Court; a high official.) Haupt-...

5) (noble; good: high ideals.) hoch

6) ((of a wind) strong: The wind is high tonight.) stark

7) ((of sounds) at or towards the top of a (musical) range: a high note.) hoch

8) ((of voices) like a child's voice (rather than like a man's): He still speaks in a high voice.) hoch

9) ((of food, especially meat) beginning to go bad.) angegangen

10) (having great value: Aces and kings are high cards.) hoch
2. adverb
(at, or to, a great distance from ground-level, sea-level etc: The plane was flying high in the sky; He'll rise high in his profession.) hoch

- highly
- highness
- high-chair
- high-class
- higher education
- high fidelity
- high-handed
- high-handedly
- high-handedness
- high jump
- highlands
- high-level
- highlight 3. verb
(to draw particular attention to (a person, thing etc).) hervorheben

- highly-strung
- high-minded
- high-mindedness
- high-pitched
- high-powered
- high-rise
- highroad
- high school
- high-spirited
- high spirits
- high street
- high-tech 4. adjective
((also hi-tech): high-tech industries.)

- high tide
- high treason
- high water
- highway
- Highway Code
- highwayman
- high wire
- high and dry
- high and low
- high and mighty
- the high seas
- it is high time
* * *

high

[haɪ]

I. adj

1. (altitude) hoch präd, hohe(r, s) attr

he lives on the \highest floor er wohnt im obersten Stockwerk

I knew him when he was only so \high ich kannte ihn schon als kleines Kind

the river is \high der Fluss führt Hochwasser

she wore a dress with a \high neckline sie trug ein hochgeschlossenes Kleid

to fly at a \high altitude in großer Höhe fliegen

the rooms in our flat have \high ceilings unsere Wohnung hat hohe Räume

thirty centimetres/one metre \high dreißig Zentimeter/ein Meter hoch

\high cheekbones hohe Wangenknochen

to do a \high dive einen Kopfsprung aus großer Höhe machen

\high forehead hohe Stirn

\high latitude GEOG hohe Breite

2. (above average) hohe(r, s) attr, hoch präd

she got very \high marks sie bekam sehr gute Noten

the job demands a \high level of concentration die Tätigkeit erfordert hohe Konzentration

to have \high hopes sich dat große Hoffnungen machen

to have \high hopes for sb für jdn große Pläne haben

to have a \high IQ einen hohen IQ haben

a \high-scoring match ein Match nt mit vielen Treffern

to have a \high opinion of sb von jdm eine hohe Meinung haben

to be full of \high praise [for sb/sth] [für jdn/etw] voll des Lobes sein

to pay a \high price for sth ( also fig) für etw akk einen hohen Preis bezahlen a. fig

to drive at \high speed mit hoher Geschwindigkeit fahren

to demand \high standards from sb/sth hohe Ansprüche [o Anforderungen] an jdn/etw stellen

3. (of large numerical value)

the casualty toll from the explosion was \high die Explosion forderte viele Opfer

\high calibre [or AM caliber] gun großkalibrige Waffe

of the \highest calibre [or AM caliber] ( fig) hervorragend

the \highest common denominator der größte gemeinsame Nenner

\high number hohe [o große] Zahl

4. (important)

safety is \high on my list of priorities Sicherheit steht weit oben auf meiner Prioritätenliste

to have sth on the \highest authority ( esp hum) etw aus zuverlässiger Quelle wissen

\high crimes schwere Vergehen

to hold/resign from \high office ein hohes Amt innehaben/niederlegen

to have friends in \high places wichtige Freunde haben

of \high rank hochrangig

5. (noble)

to be of \high birth adliger Abstammung sein

to have \high principles hohe Prinzipien haben

6. ( pej: arrogant) arrogant

to be \high and mighty ( pej) herablassend sein

7. (intense)

to have a \high complexion ein gerötetes Gesicht haben

to be \high drama hochdramatisch sein

\high wind starker Wind

8. MED

\high blood-pressure hoher Blutdruck

\high fever hohes Fieber

9. FOOD (rich)

\high in calories kalorienreich

to be \high in calcium/iron viel Kalzium/Eisen enthalten

10. (intoxicated, euphoric) high a. fig fam

to be \high on drugs mit Drogen vollgepumpt sein

to be [as] \high as a kite ( fam: euphoric) total high sein sl; (drunk) stockbesoffen sein sl

11. (shrill)

to sing in a \high key in einer hohen Tonlage singen

a \high note ein hoher Ton

a \high voice eine schrille Stimme

12. LING

\high vowel hoher Vokal

13. pred (gone off)

▪ to be \high food riechen; game Hautgout haben

14.

▶ with one's head held \high hoch erhobenen Hauptes

▶ come hell or \high water um jeden Preis

come hell or \high water, I'm going to get this finished by midnight und wenn die Welt untergeht, bis Mitternacht habe ich das fertig

▶ to leave sb \high and dry jdn auf dem Trockenen sitzen lassen

▶ to stink to \high heaven (smell awful) wie die Pest stinken sl; (be very suspicious) zum Himmel stinken fig sl

▶ sb's stock is \high jds Aktien stehen gut fig, jd steht hoch im Kurs

▶ \high time höchste Zeit

II. adv

1. (position) hoch

you have to throw the ball \high du musst den Ball in die Höhe werfen

▪ \high up hoch oben

2. (amount) hoch

the prices are running \high die Preise liegen hoch

he said he would go as \high as 500 dollars er meinte, er würde maximal 500 Dollar ausgeben

3. (intensity)

the sea was running \high das Meer tobte; ( fig)

feelings were running \high die Gemüter erhitzten sich

4.

▶ to hold one's head \high stolz sein

▶ \high and low überall

to look [or search] for sth \high and low das Unterste nach oben kehren fig

▶ to live \high on [or off] the hog fürstlich leben

III. n

1. (high point) Höchststand m

to reach an all-time [or a record] \high einen historischen Höchststand erreichen

2. METEO Hoch nt

3. (exhilaration)

\highs and lows Höhen und Tiefen fig

to be on a \high high sein sl

4. (heaven)

on \high im Himmel, in der Höhe poet

God looked down from on \high Gott blickte vom Himmel herab; ( hum fig fam)

the orders came from on \high die Befehle kamen von höchster Stelle

5. AUTO höchster Gang

to move into \high den höchsten Gang einlegen

* * *
[haɪ]
1. adj (+er)

1) mountain, wall, forehead, building hoch pred, hohe(r, s) attr

high building — ein 80 Meter hohes Gebäude

high — das Gebäude ist 80 Meter hoch

a high dive — ein Kopfsprung m aus großer Höhe

on one of the higher floors — in einem der oberen Stockwerke

he lives on a higher floor — er wohnt weiter oben

the highest floor — die oberste Etage

at high tide or water — bei Flut or Hochwasser

the river is quite high — der Fluss führt ziemlich viel Wasser

high and dry (boat) — auf dem Trockenen

to be left high and dry — auf dem Trockenen sitzen (inf)

he left her high and dry with four young children — er hat sie mit vier kleinen Kindern sitzen lassen

I knew him when he was only so high — ich kannte ihn, als er nur SO groß war or noch so klein war

See:

→ also high ground

2) (= important, superior) hoch pred, hohe(r, s) attr

high office — hohes Amt

on the highest authority — von höchster Stelle

to be high and mighty — erhaben tun

to be on one's high horse (fig) —

O Lord most high (Bibl) — erhabener Gott

3) (= considerable, extreme, great) opinion, speed, temperature, fever, pressure, salary, price, rate, density, sea hoch pred, hohe(r, s) attr; reputation ausgezeichnet, hervorragend; altitude groß; wind stark; complexion, colour (hoch)rot

/quality — von bestem Format/bester Qualität

casualties were high — es gab viele Opfer; (Mil) es gab hohe Verluste

the temperature was in the high twenties — die Temperatur lag bei fast 30 Grad

to pay a high price for sth (lit, fig) — etw teuer bezahlen

to put a high value on sth —

the highest common factor — der größte gemeinsame Teiler

to the highest degree — im höchsten Grad or Maß

to have high expectations of sb/sth — hohe Erwartungen an jdn/etw stellen

in (very) high spirits — in Hochstimmung, in äußerst guter Laune

high in fat — fettreich

to have a high old time (inf) — sich prächtig amüsieren, mächtig Spaß haben (inf)

it was high drama — es war hochdramatisch

4) (= good, admirable) ideals, principles hoch

a man of high character — ein Mann von Charakter

5)

(of time) high noon — zwölf Uhr mittags

it's high time you went home — es ist or wird höchste Zeit, dass du nach Hause gehst

6) sound, note hoch; (= shrill) schrill

7) (inf on drugs) high (inf); (on drink) blau (inf)

to get high on alcohol — sich (mit Alkohol) besaufen (inf)

to get high on cocaine — sich mit Kokain anturnen (sl)

8) meat angegangen

9) (CARDS) hoch pred, hohe(r, s) attr

aces high — Ass ist die höchste (Stich)karte

2. adv (+er)

1) hoch

high up (position) — hoch oben; (motion) hoch hinauf

birds circling very high up — Vögel, die ganz weit oben kreisen

higher up the hill was a small farm — etwas weiter oben am Berg lag ein kleiner Bauernhof

high (up) on the agenda — ganz oben auf der Tagesordnung

high up in the organization — weit oben in der Organisationsstruktur

one floor higher — ein Stockwerk höher

to throw sth high in(to) the air — etw hoch in die Luft werfen

2)

to go as high as £200 — bis zu £ 200 (hoch) gehen

inflation is climbing higher and higher —

the sea is running high — das Meer ist sehr stürmisch

feelings ran high — die Gemüter erhitzten sich

to search high and low — überall suchen

3. n

1)

God on high — Gott in der Höhe or im Himmel

the orders have come from on high (hum inf) — der Befehl kommt von oben

2)

unemployment/the pound has reached a new high — die Arbeitslosenzahlen haben/das Pfund hat einen neuen Höchststand erreicht

sales have reached an all-time high — die Verkaufszahlen sind so hoch wie nie zuvor

the highs and lows of my career — die Höhen und Tiefen pl meiner Laufbahn

3) (MET) Hoch nt

4) (US AUT

= top gear) in high —

he moved into high — er schaltete hoch or in den höchsten Gang

5) (US inf = high school) Penne f (inf)

* * *

high [haı]

A adj (adv → highly)( → higher, highest)

1. hoch:

ten feet high zehn Fuß hoch;

at high altitudes in großen Höhen; → beam A 6, horse A 1

2. hoch (gelegen):

High Asia Hochasien n

3. GEOG hoch (nahe den Polen):

high latitude hohe Breite

4. hoch (Grad):

high prices;

high temperature;

high expectations große oder hohe Erwartungen;

high favo(u)r hohe Gunst;

high hopes große Hoffnungen;

high praise großes Lob;

keep the pace high SPORT das Tempo hoch halten;

high speed

a) hohe Geschwindigkeit,

b) SCHIFF hohe Fahrt, äußerste Kraft;

high starting number SPORT hohe Startnummer;

be high in calories viele Kalorien haben;

be high in fat fettreich sein; → gear A 3

5. stark, heftig:

high passion wilde Leidenschaft;

high wind starker Wind;

high words heftige oder scharfe Worte

6. hoch (im Rang), Hoch…, Ober…, Haupt…:

a high official ein hoher Beamter;

the Most High der Allerhöchste (Gott)

7. bedeutend, hoch, wichtig:

high aims hohe Ziele;

high politics pl (oft als sg konstruiert) hohe Politik

8. hoch (Stellung), vornehm, edel:

of high birth von hoher oder edler Geburt, hochgeboren;

high society High Society f, gehobene Gesellschaftsschicht; → standing A 1

9. hoch, erhaben, edel:

high spirit erhabener Geist

10. hoch, gut, erstklassig (Qualität etc):

high performance hohe Leistung

11. hoch, Hoch… (auf dem Höhepunkt stehend):

High Middle Ages pl Hochmittelalter n;

high period Glanzzeit f (eines Künstlers etc)

12. hoch, fortgeschritten (Zeit):

high summer Hochsommer m;

it is high day es ist heller Tag; → high time 1, noon A 1

13. (zeitlich) fern, tief:

in high antiquity tief im Altertum

14. LING

a) Hoch… (Sprache)

b) hoch (Laut):

high tone Hochton m

15. hoch (im Kurs), teuer:

land is high Land ist teuer

16. → high-and-mighty

17. extrem, eifrig (Sozialdemokrat etc)

18. a) hoch, hell (Ton etc)

b) schrill, laut (Stimme etc)

19. lebhaft (Farben):

high complexion rosiger Teint

20. erregend, spannend (Abenteuer etc)

21. a) gehoben, heiter: → jinks, spirit A 8

b) umg blau (betrunken)

c) umg high (im Drogenrausch)

d) umg high (in euphorischer Stimmung)

22. umg scharf, erpicht ( beide:

on auf akk)

23. GASTR angegangen, mit Hautgout (Wild):

be high Hautgout haben

24. SCHIFF hoch am Wind

B adv

1. hoch:

aim high fig sich hohe Ziele setzen oder stecken;

lift high in die Höhe heben, hochheben;

run high

a) hochgehen (See, Wellen),

b) fig toben (Gefühle);

feelings ran high die Gemüter erhitzten sich;

search high and low überall suchen, etwas wie eine Stecknadel suchen

2. stark, heftig, in hohem Grad oder Maß

3. teuer:

pay high teuer bezahlen

4. hoch, mit hohem Einsatz:

play ( oder gamble) high

5. üppig:

live high in Saus und Braus leben

6. SCHIFF hoch am Wind

C s

1. (An)Höhe f, hoch gelegener Ort:

on high

a) hoch oben, droben,

b) hoch hinauf,

c) im oder zum Himmel;

from on high

a) von oben,

b) vom Himmel

2. METEO Hoch(druckgebiet) n

3. TECH

a) hochübersetztes oder hochuntersetztes Getriebe (an Fahrzeugen), besonders Geländegang m

b) höchster Gang:

move ( oder shift) into high den höchsten Gang einlegen

4. fig Höchststand m:

food prices have reached a new high;

his life was full of highs and lows sein Leben war voller Höhen und Tiefen

5. umg für high school

6. he’s still got his high umg er ist noch immer blau oder high

* * *
1. adjective
1) hoch [Berg, Gebäude, Mauer]

2) (above normal level) hoch [Stiefel]

the river/water is high — der Fluss/das Wasser steht hoch

be left high and dry — (fig.) auf dem trock[e]nen sitzen (ugs.)

3) (far above ground or sea level) hoch [Gipfel, Punkt]; groß [Höhe]

4) (to or from far above the ground) hoch [Aufstieg, Sprung]

high diving — Turmspringen, das; see also bar 1. 2)

5) (of exalted rank) hoch [Beamter, Amt, Gericht]

a higher court — eine höhere Instanz

high and mighty — (coll.): (highhanded) selbstherrlich; (coll.): (superior) hochnäsig (ugs.)

be born or destined for higher things — zu Höherem geboren od. bestimmt sein

those in high places — die Oberen

6) (great in degree) hoch; groß [Gefallen, Bedeutung]; stark [Wind]

be held in high regard/esteem — hohes Ansehen/hohe Wertschätzung genießen

high blood pressure — Bluthochdruck, der

have a high opinion of somebody/something — eine hohe Meinung von jemandem/etwas haben (geh.); viel von jemandem/etwas halten

7) (noble, virtuous) hoch [Ideal, Ziel, Prinzip, Berufung]; edel [Charakter]

of high birth — von hoher Geburt (geh.)

8) (of time, season)

it is high time you left — es ist od. wird höchste Zeit, dass du gehst

high noon — Mittag

high summer — Hochsommer, der

9) (luxurious, extravagant) üppig [Leben]

10) (enjoyable)

have a high [old] time — sich bestens amüsieren

11) (coll.): (on a drug) high nicht attr. (ugs.) (on von)

get high on — sich anturnen mit (ugs.) [Haschisch, LSD usw.]

12) (in pitch) hoch [Ton, Stimme, Lage, Klang usw.]

13) (slightly decomposed) angegangen (landsch.) [Fleisch]

14) (Cards) hoch

ace is high — As ist hoch
2. adverb
1) (in or to a high position) hoch

high on our list of priorities — weit oben auf unserer Prioritätenliste

search or hunt or look high and low — überall suchen

2) (to a high level) hoch

prices have gone too high — die Preise sind zu stark gestiegen

I'll go as high as two thousand pounds — ich gehe bis zweitausend Pfund
3. noun
1) (highest level/figure) Höchststand, der; see also all-time

2) (high position)

on high — hoch oben od. (geh., südd., österr.) droben; (in heaven) im Himmel

3) (Meteorol.) Hoch, das

* * *

adj.

hoch adj.

hoh adj. n.

Hoch nur sing. n.

Höchststand m.

English-german dictionary > high
20 fit

I 1. fit adjective
1) (in good health: I am feeling very fit.) i fin form, sprek, sunn og frisk

2) (suitable; correct for a particular purpose or person: a dinner fit for a king.) passende, egnet, skikket
2. noun
(the right size or shape for a particular person, purpose etc: Your dress is a very good fit.) riktig størrelse og passform
3. verb
past tense, past participle fitted -)

1) (to be the right size or shape (for someone or something): The coat fits (you) very well.) passe, sitte godt

2) (to be suitable for: Her speech fitted the occasion.) passe til

3) (to put (something) in position: You must fit a new lock on the door.) tilpasse, legge, felle inn

4) (to supply with; to equip with: She fitted the cupboard with shelves.) utstyre, forsyne

•

- fitness
- fitter
- fitting 4. noun
1) (something, eg a piece of furniture, which is fixed, especially in a house etc: kitchen fittings.) (fastmontert) tilbehør, beslag

2) (the trying-on of a dress etc and altering to make it fit: I am having a fitting for my wedding-dress tomorrow.) prøve, tilpasning

•

- fit in
- fit out
- see/think fit II fit noun
1) (a sudden attack of illness, especially epilepsy: She suffers from fits.) anfall

2) (something which happens as suddenly as this: a fit of laughter/coughing.) anfall, plutselig innfall

•

- by fits and starts

anfall
--------
høvelig
--------
passende

I
subst. \/fɪt\/

1) ( medisin) anfall, tilfelle (epileptisk anfall e.l.)

• fit of coughing

hosteanfall

• he often had fits of depression

han hadde ofte depresjoner

2) ( hverdagslig) utbrudd, anfall

• a fit of activity

et anfall av arbeidslyst

• fit of anger

raserianfall\/raseriutbrudd

• fit of laughter

latteranfall\/latterutbrudd

• in a fit of generosity

i et anfall av gavmildhet

3) nykke, innfall

• when the fit was on him

når han var i det humøret

4) passform

• the fit of a coat

en jakkes passform

• these clothes are a good fit

disse klærne har bra passform \/ disse klærne sitter bra

• these shoes are just your fit

disse skoene passer deg akkurat

• be a tight fit

sitte godt \/ være trang

5) pasning, tilpasning

6) ( gammeldags) sang (del av dikt)

7) ( maskinfag) passing

by fits and starts rykkvis, uregelmessig, i rykk og napp

drunken fit sterk beruselse

• in a drunken fit

i fylla\/i beruselse

fainting fit besvimelsesanfall

fall down in a fit falle om i krampe

fit of apoplexy slag, slaganfall

give somebody fits slå noen sønder og sammen

have a fit bli fra seg

• I nearly had a fit

jeg ble aldeles fra meg

in fits ( hverdagslig) med ukontrollert latter

make a tight fit slutte tett (inntil)

throw a fit få et anfall, få en raptus
II
verb ( fitted - fitted, amer. også: fit - fit) \/fɪt\/

1) ( om klær) passe, sitte

• the coat fits me exactly

jakken passer meg akkurat

• how does it fit me?

hvordan sitter den?

2) passe, passe til, passe i

• the key doesn't fit the lock

nøkkelen passer ikke i låsen

• the description fits him

beskrivelsen passer til ham

3) gjøre passende, gjøre skikket, forberede, kvalifisere

• qualities that fit her for leadership

kvaliteter som gjør henne skikket til lederskap

• the school tries to fit the boys for practical life

skolen prøver å gjøre guttene skikket til det praktiske liv

• fit oneself for a new job

forberede seg til en ny jobb

4) tilpasse, avpasse, svare til

5) sette sammen, montere, sette inn, sette opp

• fit a new tyre on to a car

sette et nytt dekk på bilen

• I had a new lock fitted on my door

6) prøve

• a dummy is used for fitting clothes

en utstillingsdukke brukes for å prøve klær

7) utstyre, utruste

• fit somebody with clothes

utstyre noen med klær

8) finne plass til, finne rom for

9) tilsvare, være i harmoni med

fit for ta mål av

• he was fitted for a new suit

han ble tatt mål av til en ny dress

fit in arrangere, få til passe til, passe inn, passe inn i

• I must fit my holidays in with yours

jeg må tilpasse ferien min med din

fit into passe i, passe inn i

• the peg fits into the hole

pluggen passer inn i hullet

fit in with stemme overens med, harmonere med, passe sammen med

• it fits in with my theory

det stemmer overens med min teori

fit on ( om plagg) prøve

fit out utstyre, utruste, skaffe innrede, møblere

fit the bill passe, være egnet fylle behovet

fit to tilpasse etter

• fit a shoe to the foot

tilpasse en sko etter foten

fit to perfection sitte perfekt

fit up innrede, møblere

• fit up a home

innrede et hjem

• fit up a room

møblere et rom

utruste, utstyre, skaffe sette sammen, montere

• fit up a machine

montere en maskin

fabrikkere en falsk anklage mot
III
adj.

1) passende, skikket

• a fit candidate

en passende kandidat

• he's fit for the job

han er skikket til jobben

• you are not fit to walk yet

du er ikke klar til å gå ennå

2) verd, som fortjener, kvalifisert

• a man fit to be locked up

en mann som fortjener å bli låst inne

• a fit person

en kvalifisert person

3) ferdig, klar, nær ved (hverdagslig)

• so angry that he was fit to burst

så sint at han holdt på å sprekke

• we laughed fit to kill ourselves

vi holdt på å dø av latter

4) i god form, pigg, frisk

• he has been ill and is not fit to travel yet

han har vært syk og er ikke frisk nok til å reise ennå

be fit for passe for, duge til

• he is not fit for the position

han passer ikke til stillingen

• fit for the drawing-room

passende for penstuen

fit for fight klar til strid uten større skader

fit for service våpenfør

fit for work arbeidsfør

fit to be tied rasende

fit to eat spiselig

fit to live in beboelig

keep fit holde seg i form

survival of the fittest de sterkeste\/best skikkede overlever

think\/see fit to anse\/finne passende å

English-Norwegian dictionary > fit

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Key (music) — Scale degree names[1] (C major scale). In music theory, the term key is used in many different and sometimes contradictory ways. A common use is to speak of music as being in a specific key, such as in the key of C major or in the key of F sharp … Wikipedia
key — I. /ki / (say kee) noun (plural keys) 1. an instrument for fastening or opening a lock by moving its bolt. 2. a means of attaining, understanding, solving, etc.: the key to a problem. 3. a book or the like containing the solutions or translations …
key section identifier — n. any tool, device or software used to identify a particular key section … Locksmith dictionary
Key — (k[=e]), n. [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. c[ae]g.] 1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Key bed — Key Key (k[=e]), n. [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. c[ae]g.] 1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Key bolt — Key Key (k[=e]), n. [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. c[ae]g.] 1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Key bugle — Key Key (k[=e]), n. [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. c[ae]g.] 1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
key fruit — Key Key (k[=e]), n. [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. c[ae]g.] 1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Key of a country — Key Key (k[=e]), n. [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. c[ae]g.] 1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Key of a position — Key Key (k[=e]), n. [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. c[ae]g.] 1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Key seat — Key Key (k[=e]), n. [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. c[ae]g.] 1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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particular key

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

particular key

Тематики

EN

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